Faced with balance of payment problems, declining commodity prices, and a corresponding reduction in foreign exchange earnings, Nigeria implemented a structural adjustment program in 1986. This step was taken in response to encouragement from the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and was aimed to accomplish the following: find the true value of the official currency; overcome public sector inefficiency through improved public expenditure and parastatal rationalization; reschedule medium- and long-term debt to relieve debt burden; and encourage net foreign capital inflow while limiting foreign loans. Implementing and adhering to these macroeconomic adjustment policies has brought unprecedented inflation, lower real earnings, and increased malnutrition among lower income sectors of the population. The poor have suffered diminishing access to nutritious foods. Conscribed access to food and compromised nutritional status will most likely persist into the 1990s unless corrective policies are adopted. Appropriate policy would aim to increase the poor's access to food and limit population growth.

中文翻译：

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尼日利亚的宏观经济调整、粮食供应和营养状况

面对国际收支问题、大宗商品价格下跌、外汇收入相应减少，尼日利亚于1986年实施结构调整方案。此举是在国际货币基金组织和世界银行的鼓励下采取的，旨在完成以下任务：找到官方货币的真实价值；通过改善公共支出和半国营合理化，克服公共部门效率低下的问题；重新安排中长期债务以减轻债务负担；鼓励外资净流入，同时限制外债。实施和坚持这些宏观经济调整政策给低收入人群带来了前所未有的通货膨胀、实际收入的下降和营养不良的加剧。穷人获得营养食品的机会越来越少。除非采取纠正政策，否则受限制的食物获取和受损的营养状况很可能会持续到 1990 年代。适当的政策旨在增加穷人获得食物的机会并限制人口增长。