The Lateglacial and Early Holocene vegetation history of the northern Wetterau and Amöneburger Basin, two intra-montane basins in Hessen, central-west Germany, is reconstructed by means of pollen and macrofossil analyses. Regional pollen assemblage zones are defined for the Lateglacial and Early Holocene. After calibration of the radiocarbon dates and establishment of age/depth relationships, the ages of the pollen zone boundaries are calculated. The regional vegetation changes correlate closely with the major fluctuations in the delta18O curve of the Greenland ice cores spanning the same time period. During the early Lateglacial, the open herbaceous vegetation with dwarf shrubs in the northern Wetterau was replaced by woodlands. Initially these woodlands consisted of birch, but after the immigration of pine, mixed forests of pine and birch developed. Soon after its immigration pine became dominant and pine woodlands largely replaced the birch forests. Only on the locally wetter substrates of the river floodplain did Betula stands persist. Gradually the importance of herbaceous communities declined and the pine woodlands lost their open character. During the Lateglacial two regressive phases in the vegetation succession are reflected in the data which are equated with the Older- and Younger Dryas biozones. At the beginning of the Younger Dryas, the forest-limit was lowered and the importance of herbaceous communities increased. Later, pine woodlands thinned and Ericales became part of the vegetation, indicating the development of more acid, nutrient-poor soils. A subdivision of the Younger Dryas biozone into a wetter, colder first part and a drier, warmer second part is suggested. At the beginning of the Early Holocene, pine woodlands became more closed and soils more stabilised. The transition between the Younger Dryas and Preboreal biozones is indicated by a lithological change to organic (-rich) deposits. Betula stands persisted on the locally wetter substrates of the fluvial plains. At the end of the early Preboreal, there was an extension of Betula stands on the river floodplains. This is interpreted as a phase in which climate was temporarily wetter, perhaps a reflection of a short-term climatic oscillation, the so-called Preboreal oscillation. During the Preboreal biozone, ferns became more important in the local vegetation of the mires, and later during the Boreal they formed the undergrowth of swamp forests. During the Boreal biozone, a major expansion of hazel took place in both areas. On the hills and slopes of the northern Wetterau and the Amöneburger Basin, open pine forests and hazel scrub developed with grasses and Pteridium in the field layer. In the river valleys, pine forests were replaced by deciduous mixed forests with oak, elm and later also with lime.

中文翻译：

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德国中西部 Wetterau 北部和 Amöneburger 盆地（黑森州）的晚冰期和早全新世植被历史

通过花粉和大型化石分析重建了德国中西部黑森州的两个山地内盆地 Wetterau 和 Amöneburger 盆地北部的晚冰期和早全新世植被历史。区域花粉组合区被定义为晚冰期和早全新世。在校准放射性碳日期并建立年龄/深度关系后，计算花粉带边界的年龄。区域植被变化与同一时期格陵兰冰芯 delta18O 曲线的主要波动密切相关。在晚冰期早期，Wetterau 北部带有矮灌木的开阔草本植被被林地所取代。最初这些林地由桦树组成，但随着松树的迁入，松树和桦树混交林得到发展。移民后不久，松树占主导地位，松林地在很大程度上取代了白桦林。只有在河流泛滥平原的局部湿润基质上，白桦林才能持续存在。草本群落的重要性逐渐下降，松林失去了开放性。在晚冰期，植被演替中的两个回归阶段反映在与更老和更年轻的仙女木生物区等同的数据中。在新仙女木初期，森林限制降低，草本群落的重要性增加。后来，松林地变薄，Ericales 成为植被的一部分，表明形成了更多酸性、营养贫乏的土壤。将新仙女木生物区细分为较湿、较冷的第一部分和较干燥的部分，建议温暖的第二部分。在全新世早期，松林地变得更加封闭，土壤更加稳定。Younger Dryas 和 Preboreal 生物区之间的过渡是由岩性变化向有机（富含）沉积物指示的。白桦林持续存在于河流平原局部较湿的基质上。在早北冰洋末期，白桦林在河流泛滥平原上有所延伸。这被解释为气候暂时变湿的一个阶段，这可能是短期气候振荡的反映，即所谓的前寒带振荡。在 Preboreal 生物区期间，蕨类植物在沼泽的当地植被中变得更加重要，后来在 Boreal 期间，它们形成了沼泽森林的灌木丛。在北方生物区期间，榛树的主要扩张发生在这两个地区。在 Wetterau 北部和 Amöneburger 盆地的山丘和斜坡上，开阔的松树林和榛树灌木丛在田间层中生长着草和蕨类植物。在河谷，松林被橡树、榆树和石灰的落叶混交林所取代。