Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem, affecting over 10% of the world's population and more than half of the population aged over 70 years, imposing major costs on healthcare systems. Although the primary causes of CKD include various diseases such as diabetes, glomerulonephritis, and acute kidney injury (AKI), the progression of CKD is mediated by a common pathological pathway, which is mainly characterized by fibrosis and chronic inflammation. In this process, resident fibroblasts in the kidney play crucial roles. Accumulating evidence highlights the existence of functional heterogeneity and plasticity of fibroblasts and their diverse roles in kidney disease progression and resolution. In addition to renal fibrosis, renal anemia and peritubular capillary loss, two major complications of progressive CKD, are also caused by dysfunction of resident fibroblasts. Furthermore, age-dependent alterations in fibroblast behavior also contribute to age-dependent unique pathological conditions. In this article, we describe the current understanding regarding the behaviors of fibroblasts in the kidney in health, disease, and aging.

中文翻译：

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肾脏中成纤维细胞的功能异质性。

慢性肾脏病（CKD）是一个全球性的公共卫生问题，影响了全球超过10％的人口和超过一半的70岁以上的人口，这给医疗保健系统带来了巨大的成本。尽管CKD的主要病因包括各种疾病，例如糖尿病，肾小球肾炎和急性肾损伤（AKI），但CKD的进展是由常见的病理途径介导的，其主要特征在于纤维化和慢性炎症。在这个过程中，肾脏中的成纤维细胞起着至关重要的作用。越来越多的证据突出了成纤维细胞功能异质性和可塑性的存在及其在肾脏疾病进展和解决中的不同作用。除了肾纤维化，肾性贫血和肾小管周围毛细血管丢失外，进行性CKD的两个主要并发症是 也是由常驻成纤维细胞功能障碍引起的。此外，成纤维细胞行为的年龄依赖性改变也促成年龄依赖性的独特病理状况。在本文中，我们描述了有关健康，疾病和衰老中肾中成纤维细胞行为的当前理解。