Functional responses describe how changing resource availability affects consumer resource use, thus providing a mechanistic approach to prediction of the invasibility and potential damage of invasive alien species (IAS). However, functional responses can be context dependent, varying with resource characteristics and availability, consumer attributes, and environmental variables. Identifying context dependencies can allow invasion and damage risk to be predicted across different ecoregions. Understanding how ecological factors shape the functional response in agro-ecosystems can improve predictions of hotspots of highest impact and inform strategies to mitigate damage across locations with varying crop types and availability. We linked heterogeneous movement data across different agro-ecosystems to predict ecologically driven variability in the functional responses. We applied our approach to wild pigs (Sus scrofa), one of the most successful and detrimental IAS worldwide where agricultural resource depredation is an important driver of spread and establishment. We used continental-scale movement data within agro-ecosystems to quantify the functional response of agricultural resources relative to availability of crops and natural forage. We hypothesized that wild pigs would selectively use crops more often when natural forage resources were low. We also examined how individual attributes such as sex, crop type, and resource stimulus such as distance to crops altered the magnitude of the functional response. There was a strong agricultural functional response where crop use was an accelerating function of crop availability at low density (Type III) and was highly context dependent. As hypothesized, there was a reduced response of crop use with increasing crop availability when non-agricultural resources were more available, emphasizing that crop damage levels are likely to be highly heterogeneous depending on surrounding natural resources and temporal availability of crops. We found significant effects of crop type and sex, with males spending 20% more time and visiting crops 58% more often than females, and both sexes showing different functional responses depending on crop type. Our application demonstrates how commonly collected animal movement data can be used to understand context dependencies in resource use to improve our understanding of pest foraging behavior, with implications for prioritizing spatiotemporal hotspots of potential economic loss in agro-ecosystems.

中文翻译：

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根据动物运动数据预测农业生态系统中的功能响应，以改善对侵入性害虫的管理。

功能响应描述了资源可用性的变化如何影响消费者资源的使用，从而为预测外来入侵物种（IAS）的入侵性和潜在损害提供了一种机械方法。但是，功能响应可能取决于上下文，并随资源特征和可用性，消费者属性和环境变量而变化。识别上下文相关性可以使跨不同生态区域的入侵和破坏风险得到预测。了解生态因素如何塑造农业生态系统中的功能响应，可以改善对影响最大的热点的预测，并为减少具有不同作物类型和可利用性的地区带来的危害提供战略建议。我们将跨不同农业生态系统的异质运动数据链接在一起，以预测功能响应中生态驱动的可变性。我们将方法应用于野猪（Sus scrofa），野猪是全球范围内最成功，最有害的IAS之一，农业资源的掠夺是其传播和建立的重要驱动力。我们使用了农业生态系统内的大陆尺度运动数据来量化农业资源相对于作物和天然饲料的功能性响应。我们假设自然草料资源不足时，野猪会选择性地更多地使用农作物。我们还研究了诸如性别，农作物类型和资源刺激（例如与农作物的距离）之类的个体属性如何改变功能性反应的幅度。在农业功能上有很强的反应，其中农作物的使用是低密度（III型）作物可用性的加速功能，并且高度依赖于环境。如假设的那样，当更多的非农业资源可利用时，作物利用的反应随作物可利用性的增加而减少，这强调取决于周围自然资源和作物的可利用时间，作物的破坏程度可能高度异质。我们发现作物类型和性别均具有显着影响，男性比女性多花20％的时间和58％的时间去农作物，并且两种性别根据作物类型显示出不同的功能响应。