3D printing and reverse engineering are innovative technologies that are revolutionizing scientific research in the health sciences and related clinical practice. Such technologies are able to improve the development of various custom-made medical devices while also lowering design and production costs. Recent advances allow the printing of particularly complex prototypes whose geometry is drawn from precise computer models designed on in vivo imaging data. This review summarizes a new method for histological sample processing (applicable to e.g., the brain, prostate, liver, and renal mass) which employs a personalized mold developed from diagnostic images through computer-aided design software and 3D printing. Through positioning the custom mold in a coherent manner with respect to the organ of interest (as delineated by in vivo imaging data), the cutting instrument can be precisely guided in order to obtain blocks of tissue which correspond with high accuracy to the slices imaged. This approach appeared crucial for validation of new quantitative imaging tools, for an accurate imaging-histopathological correlation and for the assessment of radiogenomic features extracted from oncological lesions. The aim of this review is to define and describe 3D printing technologies which are applicable to oncological assessment and slicer design, highlighting the radiological and pathological perspective as well as recent applications of this approach for the histological validation of and correlation with MR images.

中文翻译：

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定制的3D打印切片机在肿瘤学评估中的MR成像与组织学相关性。

3D打印和逆向工程是创新技术，正在革新健康科学和相关临床实践中的科学研究。这样的技术能够改善各种定制医疗设备的开发，同时还降低了设计和生产成本。最近的进展允许打印特别复杂的原型，其几何形状是根据在体内成像数据上设计的精确计算机模型得出的。这篇综述总结了一种用于组织学样本处理的新方法（适用于例如大脑，前列腺，肝脏和肾脏肿块），该方法采用了通过计算机辅助设计软件和3D打印从诊断图像中开发的个性化模具。通过相对于目标器官（如体内成像数据所描绘的）以连贯的方式放置定制模具，可以精确地引导切割器械，以获得与所成像的切片高精度相对应的组织块。这种方法对于验证新的定量成像工具，准确的成像-组织病理学相关性以及评估从肿瘤病变中提取的放射基因组特征显得至关重要。这篇综述的目的是定义和描述适用于肿瘤学评估和切片机设计的3D打印技术，重点介绍放射学和病理学的观点以及该方法在MR图像的组织学验证和相关性方面的最新应用。这种方法对于验证新的定量成像工具，准确的成像-组织病理学相关性以及评估从肿瘤病变中提取的放射基因组特征显得至关重要。这篇综述的目的是定义和描述适用于肿瘤学评估和切片机设计的3D打印技术，重点介绍放射学和病理学的观点以及该方法在MR图像的组织学验证和相关性方面的最新应用。这种方法对于验证新的定量成像工具，准确的成像-组织病理学相关性以及评估从肿瘤病变中提取的放射基因组特征显得至关重要。这篇综述的目的是定义和描述适用于肿瘤学评估和切片机设计的3D打印技术，重点介绍放射学和病理学的观点以及该方法在MR图像的组织学验证和相关性方面的最新应用。