Key message

Transcriptomes generated by laser capture microdissected abnormal staminodes revealed adoption of carpel programming during organ initiation with decreased expression of numerousHSPs,EgDEF1, EgGLO1but increasedLEAFYexpression.

Abstract

The abnormal mantled phenotype in oil palm involves a feminization of the male staminodes into pseudocarpels in pistillate inflorescences. Previous studies on oil palm flowering utilized entire inflorescences or spikelets, which comprised not only the male and female floral organs, but the surrounding tissues as well. Laser capture microdissection coupled with RNA sequencing was conducted to investigate the specific transcriptomes of male and female floral organs from normal and mantled female inflorescences. A higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in abnormal versus normal male organs compared with abnormal versus normal female organs. In addition, the abnormal male organ transcriptome closely mimics the transcriptome of abnormal female organ. While the transcriptome of abnormal female organ was relatively similar to the normal female organ, a substantial amount of female DEGs encode HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN genes (HSPs). A similar high amount (20%) of male DEGs encode HSPs as well. As these genes exhibited decreased expression in abnormal floral organs, mantled floral organ development may be associated with lower stress indicators. Stamen identity genes EgDEF1 and EgGLO1 were the main floral regulatory genes with decreased expression in abnormal male organs or pseudocarpel initials. Expression of several floral transcription factors was elevated in pseudocarpel initials, notably LEAFY, FIL and DL orthologs, substantiating the carpel specification programming of abnormal staminodes. Specific transcriptomes thus obtained through this approach revealed a host of differentially regulated genes in pseudocarpel initials compared to normal male staminodes.

中文翻译：

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热刺和花调控基因在美洲矮牵牛（Elaeis guineensis Jacq）披着的雌花序的假果皮首字母中的差异表达。

关键信息

激光捕获显微解剖的异常雄蕊生成的转录组显示器官启动过程中采用心皮编程，许多HSP，EgDEF1，EgGLO1的表达减少，但LEAFY表达增加。

抽象

油棕中异常的披风表型涉及雌性花序在雌性花序中的雄性退化雄蕊女性化成假果皮。先前有关油棕开花的研究利用了整个花序或小穗，它们不仅包括雄性和雌性花器官，还包括周围的组织。进行了激光捕获显微切割和RNA测序，以研究来自正常和披覆的雌性花序的雄性和雌性花器官的特定转录组。与异常与正常女性器官相比，异常与正常男性器官中鉴定出更多数量的差异表达基因（DEG）。此外，异常男性器官的转录组与异常女性器官的转录组紧密相似。热休克蛋白基因（HSP）。同样，大量（20％）的男性DEG也会编码HSP。由于这些基因在异常花器官中表现出降低的表达，披覆花器官的发育可能与较低的胁迫指标有关。雄蕊同一性基因EgDEF1和EgGLO1是主要的花卉调控基因，其在异常男性器官或carp果首字母中的表达降低。假花果首字母中几种花卉转录因子的表达升高，特别是LEAFY，FIL和DL直系同源物，证实异常的退化雄蕊的心皮规格编程。通过这种方法获得的特定转录组显示出与正常雄性雄蕊相比，假果皮首字母中存在许多差异调节基因。