There have been limited anatomic and physiological investigations of the female sexual arousal response. A broader understanding of the physiologic mechanisms of female sexual arousal function is required to improve the management of women with sexual dysfunction. Three experimental test systems have been developed to understand better the biochemical and physiological mechanisms of female sexual arousal response. An in vivo animal model was developed to record physiological and hemodynamic changes in the clitoris and vagina following pelvic nerve stimulation and administration of vasoactive agents and physiological modulators. In vitro organ baths of clitoral and vaginal tissue were utilized to investigate mechanisms involved in the regulation of smooth muscle contractility. In addition, primary cell cultures of human and animal clitoral and vaginal smooth muscle cells were developed to investigate signal transduction pathways modulating smooth muscle tone. In vivo studies revealed hemodynamic changes in vagina and clitoris in response to pelvic nerve stimulation, vasodilators and physiological modulators. Organ bath studies have demonstrated that clitoral and vaginal smooth muscle tone is affected by non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic neurotransmitters, and the presence of functional alpha 1 and alpha 2 adrenergic receptors in these tissues has been established through biochemical studies. These changes are regulated by the tone of vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle in the vagina and clitoris. Primary cell culture studies have suggested that several physiological modulators such as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandin E (PGE) regulate vaginal smooth muscle contractility. Data from experimental models have provided a preliminary understanding of the mechanisms of the female sexual arousal response.

中文翻译：

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用于调查女性性功能和功能障碍的实验模型。

对女性性唤起反应的解剖学和生理学研究有限。需要对女性性唤醒功能的生理机制有更广泛的了解，以改善对性功能障碍女性的管理。已经开发了三个实验测试系统，以更好地了解女性性唤起反应的生化和生理机制。开发了一种体内动物模型，用于记录盆腔神经刺激以及血管活性剂和生理调节剂给药后阴蒂和阴道中的生理和血液动力学变化。利用阴蒂和阴道组织的体外器官浴来研究参与调节平滑肌收缩力的机制。此外，开发了人类和动物的阴蒂和阴道平滑肌细胞的原代细胞培养物，以研究调节平滑肌音调的信号转导途径。体内研究表明，响应于骨盆神经刺激，血管扩张剂和生理调节剂，阴道和阴蒂的血液动力学变化。器官浸浴研究表明，阴蒂和阴道平滑肌张力受非肾上腺素能和非胆碱能神经递质的影响，并且通过生化研究已确定这些组织中功能性α1和α2肾上腺素能受体的存在。这些变化受阴道和阴蒂中血管和非血管平滑肌的音调调节。原代细胞培养研究表明，几种生理调节剂，例如血管活性肠多肽（VIP），一氧化氮（NO）和前列腺素E（PGE）调节阴道平滑肌收缩力。来自实验模型的数据提供了对女性性唤醒反应机制的初步了解。