The uropygial gland of the monk parakeet Myiopsitta monachus: Histology, morphogenesis, and evolution within Psittaciformes (Aves).,Evolution and Development

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The uropygial gland of the monk parakeet Myiopsitta monachus: Histology, morphogenesis, and evolution within Psittaciformes (Aves).
Evolution and Development ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-04 , DOI: 10.1111/ede.12327
Julieta Carril ₁ , María C Chiale ₁ , Claudio G Barbeito ₁

Affiliation

We describe the morphology, histology, and histochemical characteristics of the uropygial gland (UG) of the monk parakeet Myiopsitta monachus. The UG has a heart‐shape external appearance and adenomers extensively branched with a convoluted path, covered by a stratified epithelium formed by different cellular strata and divided into three zones (based on the epithelial height and lumen width), a cylindrical papilla with an internal structure of delicate type and two excretory pores surrounded by a feather tuft. Histochemical and lectin‐histochemical techniques performed showed positivity against PAS, AB pH 2.5, AB‐PAS, and some lectines, likely related to the granivorous feeding habits. Also, we describe the morphogenesis of the UG of the monk parakeet, which appears at embryological stage 34 as a pair of ectodermal invaginations. Heterochronic events in the onset development of the UG when compared with other birds could be recognized. Finally, to examine the phylogenetic occurrence of the UG within the Psittaciformes and infer its evolutionary history, we mapped its presence/absence over a molecular phylogeny. The reconstruction of the characters states at ancestral nodes revealed that the presence of the UG was the plesiomorphic feature for Psittaciformes and its loss evolved independently more than once.

中文翻译：

和尚长尾小鹦鹉Myiopsitta monachus的尿道腺：组织学，形态发生和在象形亚纲（Aves）中的进化。

我们描述了和尚长尾小鹦鹉Myiopsitta monachus的尿道腺（UG）的形态，组织学和组织化学特征。UG呈心形外观，腺苷分子广泛地盘旋，并由不同细胞层形成的分层上皮覆盖，并分为三个区域（根据上皮高度和管腔宽度），内部呈圆柱形乳头状。结构细腻，两个排泄孔被毛簇包裹。进行的组织化学和凝集素-组织化学技术显示出对PAS，AB pH 2.5，AB-PAS和一些凝集素的阳性，这可能与肉食喂养习惯有关。此外，我们描述了和尚鹦鹉的UG的形态发生，它在胚胎学阶段34出现为一对外胚层内陷。与其他鸟类相比，UG发病过程中的异时性事件可以被识别。最后，为了检查伞形目内UG的系统发生，并推断其进化历史，我们将其存在/不存在映射到了分子系统发育上。祖先节点的字符状态的重建表明，UG的存在是伞形目的多形性特征，其丢失独立地发生了不止一次。

更新日期：2019-11-04

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