Vernacular lexemes appear self-evident, so we unwittingly reify them. But the words and phrases of natural languages comprise a treacherous basis for identifying valid psychological constructs, as I illustrate in emotion research. Like other vernacular lexemes, the emotion labels in natural languages do not have definite, stable, mutually transparent meanings, and any one vernacular word may be used to denote multiple scientifically distinct entities. In addition, the consequential choice of one lexeme to name a scientific construct rather than any of its partial synonyms is often arbitrary. Furthermore, a given vernacular lexeme from any one of the world's 7000 languages rarely maps one-to-one into an exactly corresponding vernacular lexeme in other languages. Words related to anger in different languages illustrate this. Since each language constitutes a distinct taxonomy of things in the world, most or all languages must fail to cut nature at its joints. In short, it is pernicious to use one language's dictionary as the source of psychological constructs. So scientists need to coin new technical names for scientifically derived constructs-names precisely defined in terms of the constellation of features or components that characterize the constructs they denote. The development of the kama muta construct illustrates one way to go about this. Kama muta is the emotion evoked by sudden intensification of communal sharing-universally experienced but not isomorphic with any vernacular lexeme such as heart warming, moving, touching, collective pride, tender, nostalgic, sentimental, Awww-so cute!. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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情感研究中的词汇谬误：误用白话来表达心理实体。

白话语词素是不言而喻的，因此我们不经意地对其进行了大小化。但是，正如我在情感研究中所说明的那样，自然语言的单词和短语构成了识别有效心理构造的危险基础。像其他白话词素一样，自然语言中的情感标签没有明确，稳定，相互透明的含义，任何一个白话词都可以用来表示多个科学上不同的实体。另外，相应地选择一个词素来命名科学结构而不是其部分同义词通常是任意的。此外，来自世界7000种语言中任何一种的给定的白话语素都很少将其他语言一对一映射到一个完全对应的白话语素。与愤怒有关的单词用不同的语言来说明。由于每种语言构成了世界上独特的事物分类法，因此大多数或所有语言都必须在其结合点上切开性质。简而言之，使用一种语言的词典作为心理建构的来源是有害的。因此，科学家需要为科学衍生的构造物创造新的技术名称，即根据表征其所表示的构造物的特征或组件的星座来精确定义的名称。kama muta构造的发展说明了解决此问题的一种方法。Kama muta是由于社区共享突然激化而引起的情感-普遍经历但并非同质的任何白话语素，例如温暖，移动，触摸，集体骄傲，温柔，怀旧，感伤，Awww-如此可爱！（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。