The present investigation deals with the characterisation of three As‐resistant bacteria, Bacillus aryabhattai strain VPS1, Bacillus licheniformis strain VPS6 and Sporosarcina thermotolerans strain VPS7 isolated from the rhizosphere of a contaminated paddy field in Chakdaha, Nadia, West Bengal, India. Two strains, VPS6 and VPS7 showed ureolytic activity, which can be used for microbial‐induced calcite precipitation of As as a bioremediation option. However, As reduction and oxidation capacities were not reported in any of these bacteria. A phylogenetic tree of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences was constructed for all three bacterial isolates, including different species of As‐resistant Bacillus and Sporosarcina. Furthermore, literature survey and genome mining were employed to explore the diversity of As resistance‐related proteins, arsenite S‐adenosylmethyltransferase (ArsM) and arsenical pump membrane protein (ArsB) among different bacteria, and the phylogenetic relatedness was studied to understand the distribution and evolution of their amino acid sequences. ArsB was predominantly present in a wide variety of bacteria (347 taxa); however, ArsM was reported in comparatively fewer isolates (109 taxa). There were a total of 60 similar taxa that contained both ArsM and ArsB. Both proteins were most abundantly present in phylum Proteobacteria. Overall, this investigation enumerates As‐resistant bacteria to understand the As metabolism in the environment, and the phylogenetic analysis of As resistance‐related proteins helps in understanding the functional relationship in different bacteria for their role in As mobility in the environment.

中文翻译：

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印度纳迪亚 As 抗性细菌的研究及两种 As 抗性相关蛋白的调查

本研究涉及从印度西孟加拉邦纳迪亚 Chakdaha 受污染稻田根际分离的三种 As 抗性细菌，即 Bacillus aryabhattai 菌株 VPS1、地衣芽孢杆菌菌株 VPS6 和耐热孢子菌菌株 VPS7 的表征。两种菌株 VPS6 和 VPS7 显示出尿素分解活性，可用于微生物诱导的方解石沉淀 As 作为生物修复选择。然而，在这些细菌中的任何一个中都没有报告 As 的还原和氧化能力。为所有三种细菌分离物构建了 16S 核糖体 RNA 基因序列的系统发育树，包括不同种类的 As 抗性芽孢杆菌和 Sporosarcina。此外，文献调查和基因组挖掘被用来探索 As 抗性相关蛋白的多样性，亚砷酸 S-腺苷甲基转移酶 (ArsM) 和砷泵膜蛋白 (ArsB) 在不同细菌中的差异，并研究系统发育相关性以了解其氨基酸序列的分布和进化。ArsB 主要存在于多种细菌（347 个分类群）中；然而，在相对较少的分离株（109 个分类群）中报道了 ArsM。共有 60 个相似的分类群同时包含 ArsM 和 ArsB。这两种蛋白质最丰富地存在于变形菌门中。总体而言，这项研究列举了 As 抗性细菌以了解环境中的 As 代谢，而 As 抗性相关蛋白的系统发育分析有助于了解不同细菌在 As 迁移中在环境中的作用的功能关系。