Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), or heart attack, is a major public health problem, responsible for 3 to 4 million deaths each year. Despite great improvements in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, it remains one of the most lethal types of heart disease. Therefore, the identification of molecular mechanisms involved in AMI pathogenesis might help us to develop new therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. MicroRNAs (21- to 24-nucleotide noncoding RNAs) have been shown to play important roles in AMI pathogenesis by affecting multiple cellular processes, including cardiac cell proliferation, apoptosis, survival, regeneration, and autophagy. Thus, targeting microRNAs might have great clinical significance for the treatment of AMI patients. Moreover, aberrant miRNA expression patterns can serve as an ideal diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for AMI patients. This review aims to give an overview of recent studies that have addressed the therapeutic potency of microRNAs in AMI. We also summarize the potential use of microRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for AMI.

中文翻译：

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急性心肌梗死中循环miRNA的诊断，预后和治疗潜力。

急性心肌梗塞（AMI）或心脏病发作是主要的公共卫生问题，每年导致3-4百万人死亡。尽管在诊断和治疗策略上有了很大的进步，但它仍然是最致命的心脏病类型之一。因此，确定与AMI发病有关的分子机制可能有助于我们开发新的治疗和诊断方法。MicroRNA（21至24个核苷酸的非编码RNA）已显示出通过影响多种细胞过程（包括心脏细胞增殖，凋亡，存活，再生和自噬）在AMI发病机理中发挥重要作用。因此，靶向microRNAs对于AMI患者的治疗可能具有重要的临床意义。此外，异常的miRNA表达模式可以作为AMI患者的理想诊断和预后生物标志物。这篇综述旨在概述解决AMI中microRNA治疗潜力的最新研究。我们还总结了microRNA作为AMI的诊断和预后生物标志物的潜在用途。