Prostate cancer is the most prevalent nonskin cancer and a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing is routinely used for screening and early detection of prostate cancer; however, it does not reduce death from prostate cancer. Moreover, PSA is not specific for prostate cancer and results in high false-positive rates, and it is poorly correlated with cancer stage. Therefore, the need for another diagnostic and prognostic factor in prostate cancer is apparent. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs which are involved in modulation of gene expression posttranscriptionally. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that miRNAs play key roles in various physiological events. Deregulation of miRNAs is related to initiation and development of various diseases such as prostate cancer. It has been shown that various miRNAs (miR-34, miR-21, miR-155, miR-221, miR-222, and let-7) exert their effects by targeting a variety of cellular and molecular pathways (c-Myc, EZH2, c-RSC, BCL2L2, E2F6, ZEB, HMGA251, and CCND2) involved in prostate cancer pathogenesis. Hence, it seems that miRNA expression profiles can be seen as potential candidates for prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of prostate cancer. Here, we summarize various miRNAs as prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers for prostate cancer therapy.

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MicroRNA作为前列腺癌的诊断，预后和治疗生物标志物。

前列腺癌是最普遍的非皮肤癌，并且是全世界与癌症相关的死亡的主要原因。前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）测试通常用于前列腺癌的筛查和早期检测。但是，它不能减少前列腺癌的死亡。此外，PSA对前列腺癌不是特异性的，并且会导致较高的假阳性率，并且与癌症分期的相关性很差。因此，在前列腺癌中显然需要另一种诊断和预后因子。MicroRNA（miRNA）是小的单链非编码RNA，与转录后基因表达的调节有关。多条证据表明，miRNA在各种生理事件中起关键作用。miRNA的失调与多种疾病（例如前列腺癌）的发生和发展有关。已显示，各种miRNA（miR-34，miR-21，miR-155，miR-221，miR-222和let-7）通过靶向多种细胞和分子途径（c-Myc， EZH2，c-RSC，BCL2L2，E2F6，ZEB，HMGA251和CCND2）参与前列腺癌的发病机理。因此，似乎miRNA表达谱可被视为前列腺癌的预后，诊断和治疗的潜在候选者。在这里，我们总结了各种miRNA作为前列腺癌治疗的预后，诊断和治疗生物标志物。似乎miRNA表达谱可被视为前列腺癌的预后，诊断和治疗的潜在候选者。在这里，我们总结了各种miRNA作为前列腺癌治疗的预后，诊断和治疗生物标志物。似乎miRNA表达谱可被视为前列腺癌的预后，诊断和治疗的潜在候选者。在这里，我们总结了各种miRNA作为前列腺癌治疗的预后，诊断和治疗生物标志物。