There is a growing recognition of the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in food security, specifically the potential for AMF to enhance the yield and mineral nutrition—including phosphorus, zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe)—of food crops. However, the bioavailability of Zn and Fe for humans in the grain of cereal crops can be overestimated by failing to consider the abundance of phytic acid (PA). This is because PA can chelate the micronutrients, making them difficult to absorb. In order to understand the effect of an AM fungus and soil Zn concentration on the productivity and nutritional quality of food parts, this study examined the growth and nutritional responses of durum wheat, with and without inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis, at five soil Zn concentrations. Growth and nutrient responses of the plants to soil Zn amendment was stronger than responses to AMF. However, the protective effect of AMF under soil Zn toxicity conditions was observed as reduced Zn concentration in the mycorrhizal durum wheat grain at Zn50. Here, AMF inoculation increased the concentration of PA in durum wheat grain but had no effect on the concentration of Zn and Fe; this consequently reduced the predicted bioavailability of grain Zn and Fe, which could lead to a decrease in nutritional quality of the grain. This research suggests that in soil with low (available) phosphorus and Zn concentrations, AMF may reduce the food quality of durum wheat because of an increase in PA concentration, and thus, a decrease in the bioavailability of Zn and Fe.

中文翻译：

---

丛枝菌根真菌接种和土壤锌肥对硬粒小麦中锌和铁的生产力和生物利用度的影响。

人们越来越认识到丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）在粮食安全中的作用，特别是AMF增强粮食作物的产量和矿物质营养（包括磷，锌（Zn）和铁（Fe））的潜力。但是，由于未考虑植酸（PA）的丰度，可能高估了锌和铁对谷物作物中人的生物利用度。这是因为PA可以螯合微量营养素，使其难以吸收。为了了解AM真菌和土壤Zn浓度对食物部分生产力和营养品质的影响，本研究检查了不接种不定根瘤菌的硬质小麦的生长和营养反应。，在五个土壤锌浓度下。植物对土壤锌元素的生长和养分响应要强于对AMF的响应。然而，观察到AMF在土壤锌毒性条件下的保护作用是由于菌根硬质小麦籽粒中的Zn浓度在Zn50降低而降低。在这里，AMF接种增加了硬粒小麦籽粒中PA的浓度，但对Zn和Fe的浓度没有影响。因此，这降低了谷物锌和铁的预测生物利用度，这可能导致谷物的营养品质下降。这项研究表明，在低（可用）的磷和锌浓度的土壤中，AMF可能会由于PA浓度的增加而降低硬粒小麦的食品质量，从而降低锌和铁的生物利用度。