Objectives: Aquaculture encompasses a variety of species in both freshwater and marine settings and can combine elements of agriculture and fishing, two recognized hazardous occupations. Efforts are underway to expand the aquaculture sector in the United States (U.S.), and should be informed by occupational safety and health (OSH) research. The objectives of this review paper are to: i) describe the U.S. aquaculture sector, ii) summarize statistics, peer-reviewed studies, and reports focused on U.S. aquaculture OSH, and iii) describe the policy landscape specific to U.S. aquaculture OSH.

Methods: Literature searches employed databases and Internet search engines to identify relevant peer-reviewed articles, reports, and other resources. Due to the expected U.S. expansion of marine aquaculture and paucity of peer-reviewed U.S.-based OSH literature in this sector, additional searches for international research on marine aquaculture were conducted.

Results: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimated high rates of illness and injury among U.S. aquaculture workers in 2014 and 2015. Peer-reviewed literature on aquaculture OSH identified numerous physical, chemical, and biological OSH risks depending on production methods and settings. Significant policy gaps exist regarding U.S. aquaculture OSH surveillance, reporting, and regulation.

Conclusion: This review identifies a critical need for research, surveillance, and best practices information, specific to the major types of aquaculture in the U.S., to augment and inform worker safety and health efforts in this expanding sector.

目标：水产养殖涵盖淡水和海洋环境中的多种物种，并且可以将农业和渔业这两个公认的危险职业结合起来。正在努力扩大美国（US）的水产养殖部门，并应以职业安全与卫生（OSH）研究为依据。本文的目的是：i）描述美国水产养殖业，ii）汇总统计数据，进行同行评审研究，以及针对美国水产养殖职业安全与卫生的报告，以及iii）描述针对美国水产养殖职业安全与卫生的政策环境。

方法：文献搜索采用数据库和Internet搜索引擎来识别相关的同行评审文章，报告和其他资源。由于预期美国将扩大海洋水产养殖业，并且在这一领域缺乏同行评审的美国职业安全与卫生文献，因此进行了更多国际海洋水产养殖研究的搜索。

结果：美国劳工统计局估计，2014年和2015年美国水产养殖工人中疾病和伤害的发生率很高。同行评审的水产养殖OSH文献根据生产方法和环境确定了许多物理，化学和生物OSH风险。在美国水产养殖职业安全与卫生的监督，报告和监管方面，存在重大政策空白。

结论：这次审查确定了针对美国主要水产养殖类型的研究，监测和最佳实践信息的迫切需要，以增强和告知这一不断发展的部门的工人安全与卫生工作。