During ectomycorrhizal symbioses, up to 30% of the carbon produced in leaves may be translocated to the fungal partner. Given that the leaf response to root colonization is largely unknown, we performed a leaf proteome analysis of Populus × canescens inoculated in vitro with two isolates of Paxillus involutus significantly differing in root colonization rates (65 ± 7% vs 14 ± 7%), together with plant growth and leaf biochemistry analyses to determine the response of plant leaves to ectomycorrhizal root colonization. The isolate that more efficiently colonized roots (isolate H) affected 9.1% of the leaf proteome compared with control plants. Simultaneously, ectomycorrhiza in isolate H-inoculated plants led to improved plant growth and an increased abundance of leaf proteins involved in protein turnover, stress response, carbohydrate metabolism, and photosynthesis. The protein increment was also correlated with increases in chlorophyll, foliar carbon, and carbohydrate contents. Although inoculation of P. × canescens roots with the other P. involutus isolate (isolate L, characterized by a low root colonization ratio) affected 6.8% of the leaf proteome compared with control plants, most proteins were downregulated. The proteomic signals of increased carbohydrate biosynthesis were not detected, and carbohydrate, carbon, and leaf pigment levels and plant biomass did not differ from the noninoculated plants. Our results revealed that the upregulation of the photosynthetic protein abundance and levels of leaf carbohydrate are positively related to rates of root colonization. Upregulation of photosynthetic proteins, chlorophyll, and leaf carbohydrate levels in ectomycorrhizal plants was positively related to root colonization rates and resulted in increased carbon translocation and sequestration underground.

中文翻译：

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通过用两种根部定植率不同的渐近线Paxillus分离株接种杨树×canescens来调节叶片蛋白质组。

在外生菌根共生期间，叶片中产生的碳中多达30％可能会转移到真菌伴侣上。考虑到叶对根定植的反应很大程度上是未知的，我们进行了用两种分离的Paxillus involutus体外接种的胡杨× canescens的叶蛋白质组学分析。根定植率显着不同（65±7％vs 14±7％），以及植物生长和叶片生化分析以确定植物叶片对根外生根的定殖的响应。与对照植物相比，能更有效地定根的菌株（菌株H）影响了9.1％的叶片蛋白质组。同时，分离的H-接种植物中的根外生菌根导致改善的植物生长和参与蛋白质更新，胁迫响应，碳水化合物代谢和光合作用的叶片蛋白质丰度增加。蛋白质的增加还与叶绿素，叶碳和碳水化合物含量的增加相关。尽管接种P. × canescens的根源是其他P. involutus与对照植物相比，分离株（分离株L，特征在于低的根定殖率）影响了6.8％的叶片蛋白质组，大多数蛋白质被下调。未检测到碳水化合物生物合成增加的蛋白质组学信号，并且碳水化合物，碳和叶片色素水平以及植物生物量与未接种植物没有差异。我们的结果表明，光合蛋白丰度和叶片碳水化合物水平的上调与根定殖率呈正相关。外生菌根植物中光合蛋白，叶绿素和叶片碳水化合物水平的上调与根定殖率呈正相关，并导致地下碳转运和固存增加。