We aimed to investigate whether geniposide, a main component extracted from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit, could exert neuroprotective functions against traumatic brain injury (TBI). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for detection of plasma cytokines. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed for measurements of mRNA levels of cytokines. Neurological outcomes were evaluated by modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and Rota-Rod. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and brain edema were assessed. Protein expression was tested by Western blot. The plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were all elevated in patients with TBI compared to those of healthy controls. TBI rats treated with geniposide showed lower mNSS and longer fall latency time than untreated TBI rats. BBB integrity was maintained and brain edema was reduced by geniposide treatment in TBI rats. Plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly repressed by geniposide treatment in TBI rats, whereas IL-10 level was upregulated. mRNA expression levels of these cytokines in the brain tissues of TBI rats exhibited the same trends of changes. By testing p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB p65 activities, it was observed that phosphorylated (p)-p38 and p-p65 were dramatically inhibited by geniposide. In conclusion, geniposide exerts neuroprotective functions against TBI by inhibiting p-p38 and p-p65.

中文翻译：

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ip子苷通过抗炎作用和MAPK / NF-kB抑制作用减轻大鼠的颅脑外伤。

我们旨在研究子苷（从Garden子果实中提取的主要成分）是否可以发挥针对脑外伤的神经保护功能。酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）用于检测血浆细胞因子。实时聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）用于测量细胞因子的mRNA水平。通过改良的神经系统严重程度评分（mNSS）和Rota-Rod评估神经系统预后。评估血脑屏障（BBB）完整性和脑水肿。通过Western印迹测试蛋白质表达。与健康对照组相比，TBI患者的血浆白细胞介素（IL）-1β，IL-6，IL-8和IL-10均升高。与未处理的TBI大鼠相比，用子苷治疗的TBI大鼠显示出更低的mNSS和更长的下降潜伏时间。gen子苷治疗可维持血脑屏障的完整性，并减轻脑水肿。gen子苷处理可显着抑制TBI大鼠血浆IL-1β，IL-6和IL-8的表达，而IL-10则被上调。TBI大鼠脑组织中这些细胞因子的mRNA表达水平呈现出相同的变化趋势。通过测试p38促分裂原活化蛋白激酶和NF-κBp65活性，观察到子苷可显着抑制磷酸化（p）-p38和p-p65。总之，子苷通过抑制p-p38和p-p65发挥针对TBI的神经保护功能。TBI大鼠脑组织中这些细胞因子的mRNA表达水平呈现出相同的变化趋势。通过测试p38促分裂原活化蛋白激酶和NF-κBp65活性，观察到子苷可显着抑制磷酸化（p）-p38和p-p65。总之，子苷通过抑制p-p38和p-p65发挥针对TBI的神经保护功能。TBI大鼠脑组织中这些细胞因子的mRNA表达水平呈现出相同的变化趋势。通过测试p38促分裂原活化蛋白激酶和NF-κBp65活性，观察到子苷可显着抑制磷酸化（p）-p38和p-p65。总之，子苷通过抑制p-p38和p-p65发挥针对TBI的神经保护功能。