Over the past two decades, extensive research has been done to elucidate the molecular etiology and pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. In majority of them, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, increased oxidative and nitrosative stress was found. This stress is known to induce oxidative damage to biomolecules, including DNA. Accordingly, increased mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, as well as RNA damage, were observed in patients suffering from these diseases. However, recent findings indicate that the patients are characterised by impaired DNA repair pathways, which may suggest that these DNA lesions could be also a result of their insufficient repair. In the current systematic, critical review, we aim to sum up, using available literature, the knowledge about the involvement of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage and repair, as well as about damage to RNA in pathoetiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, i.e., AD, PD, ALS, BD, schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, as well as the usefulness of the discussed factors as being diagnostic markers and targets for new therapies. Moreover, we also underline the new directions to which future studies should head to elucidate these phenomena.

中文翻译：

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神经精神疾病中的DNA损伤和修复。我们知道什么以及未来的前景如何？

在过去的二十年中，已经进行了广泛的研究来阐明神经精神疾病的分子病因和病理生理。他们中的大多数人，包括阿尔茨海默氏病（AD），帕金森氏病（PD），肌萎缩性侧索硬化症（ALS），双相情感障碍（BD），精神分裂症和重度抑郁症，发现氧化应激和亚硝化应激增加。已知这种压力会诱导对包括DNA在内的生物分子的氧化损伤。因此，在患有这些疾病的患者中观察到线粒体和核DNA增加，以及RNA损伤。但是，最近的发现表明患者的特征是DNA修复途径受损，这可能表明这些DNA损伤也可能是其修复不足的结果。在当前的系统，严格的审查中，我们旨在利用现有文献总结有关神经精神疾病（例如AD，PD，ALS，BD，精神分裂症和重度精神病）的病理学中涉及核和线粒体DNA损伤和修复以及RNA损伤的知识。抑郁症，以及所讨论因素作为新疗法的诊断标志物和靶标的有用性。此外，我们还强调了今后的研究应阐明的新方向。以及所讨论因素作为新疗法的诊断标志物和靶标的有用性。此外，我们还强调了今后的研究应阐明的新方向。以及所讨论因素作为新疗法的诊断标志物和靶标的有用性。此外，我们还强调了今后的研究应阐明的新方向。