Lineage reprogramming has become a potential strategy for therapy of cardiac diseases. Somatic cells can be directly converted into the induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs) without passing through an induced pluripotent stem cell stage; this strategy has some advantages such as directional differentiation and preferable security. However, there are still many challenges which need to be further studied, such as identification of safer induced factors, exploration of molecular mechanisms, improvement of the mature level of iCMs and so on. Therefore, the structures of key factors, including transcription factors, microRNAs (miRNAs), epigenetic regulators and small molecules and their functions in the cardiac development and lineage reprogramming, molecular mechanisms underlying lineage conversion, strategies for generating matured iCMs, and major challenges were reviewed to lay the foundation for further applications of iCMs.

中文翻译：

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心脏病的潜在策略：将体细胞谱系重编程为诱导的心肌细胞。

谱系重编程已成为治疗心脏病的潜在策略。体细胞可以直接转化为诱导的心肌细胞（iCM），而无需经过诱导的多能干细胞阶段。该策略具有一些优势，例如方向差异和更好的安全性。但是，仍然存在许多需要进一步研究的挑战，例如确定更安全的诱导因子，探索分子机制，提高iCM的成熟水平等。因此，关键因子的结构（包括转录因子，microRNA（miRNA），表观遗传调控因子和小分子）及其在心脏发育和谱系重编程中的功能，谱系转换的分子机制，产生成熟iCM的策略，