Pongamia pinnata (also called Millettia pinnata), a non-edible oil yielding tree, is well known for its multipurpose benefits and acts as a potential source for medicine and biodiesel preparation. Due to increase in demand for cultivation, understanding of genetic diversity is an important parameter for further breeding and cultivation programme. Transposable elements (TEs) are a major component of plant genome but still, their evolutionary significance in Pongamia remains unexplored. In view to understand the role of TEs in genome diversity, Pongamia unigenes were screened for the presence of TE cassettes. Our analysis showed the presence of all categories of TE cassettes in unigenes with major contribution of long terminal repeat-retrotransposons towards unigene diversity. Interestingly, the insertion of some TEs was also observed in both organellar genomes. The study of insertion of TEs in coding sequence is of great interest as they may be responsible for protein diversity thereby influencing the phenotype. The present investigation confirms the exaptation phenomenon in pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) gene where the entire exon sequence was derived from Ty3-gypsy like retrotransposon. The study of PDC protein revealed the translation of gypsy element into protein. Furthermore, the phylogenetic study confirmed the diversity in PDC gene due to insertion of the gypsy element, where the PDC genes with and without gypsy insertion were clustered separately.

中文翻译：

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转座子在Pongamia Unigenes和蛋白质多样性中的作用。

Pongamia pinnata（也称为Millettia pinnata）是一种非食用性的产油树，以其多用途的益处而闻名，是药物和生物柴油制备的潜在来源。由于对耕作的需求增加，对遗传多样性的了解是进一步育种和栽培计划的重要参数。转座因子（TEs）是植物基因组的主要组成部分，但仍在探索其在Pongamia中的进化意义。为了了解TE在基因组多样性中的作用，筛选了Pongamia unigenes中是否存在TE盒。我们的分析表明，在单基因中存在所有类别的TE盒带，其中长末端重复逆转录转座子对单基因多样性具有重大贡献。有趣的是 在两个细胞器基因组中也观察到一些TE的插入。对TEs在编码序列中的插入的研究引起了极大的兴趣，因为它们可能导致蛋白质多样性从而影响表型。本研究证实丙酮酸脱羧酶（PDC）基因中的外显现象，其中整个外显子序列都像逆转座子一样从Ty3-吉普赛人衍生而来。对PDC蛋白质的研究揭示了吉普赛元素向蛋白质的转化。此外，系统发育研究证实，由于插入了吉普赛人元素，PDC基因具有多样性，其中有和没有吉普赛人插入的PDC基因分别聚集在一起。本研究证实了丙酮酸脱羧酶（PDC）基因中的外显现象，其中整个外显子序列都来自Ty3-吉普赛人，如逆转录转座子。对PDC蛋白质的研究揭示了吉普赛元素向蛋白质的转化。此外，系统发育研究证实，由于插入了吉普赛人元素，PDC基因具有多样性，其中有和没有吉普赛人插入的PDC基因分别聚集在一起。本研究证实丙酮酸脱羧酶（PDC）基因中的外显现象，其中整个外显子序列都像逆转座子一样从Ty3-吉普赛人衍生而来。对PDC蛋白质的研究揭示了吉普赛元素向蛋白质的转化。此外，系统发育研究证实，由于插入了吉普赛人元素，PDC基因具有多样性，其中有和没有吉普赛人插入的PDC基因分别聚集在一起。