Summary Mute swans (Cygnus olor) of the Anatidae family are common in wetlands of Europe. They winter in Africa, Asia and some parts of Europe. The species is exposed to many pathogens in its places of residence, including parasites possibly introduced from tropical countries by other species of birds that take long wanderings and occupy a similar ecological niche. One such case is the infection of the Sarconema eurycerca, nematode belonging to the Filarioidea family. It invades the bird’s myocardium and, according to some authors, this nematode may be one of the main causes of swans’ deaths. The material for the present study was an approximately 2 year old female mute swan, which during the flight fell suddenly to the ground in Pomorskie Voivodeship (Poland, 53°50′18″N 18°12′54″E) in November. During the examination and medical observation, weakness, diarrhea and infestation with lice were found. The cause of its eventual death was attributed to a failure of the circulatory system. Post mortem, two abscesses with diameters of 2-3 cm were found in its liver parenchyma. Three nematodes were visible in the epicardium and many more in myocardium. Upon cutting open the heart, small yellowish foci, about 1 mm in diameter were scattered over valves. On the basis of morphological features, infection by Sarconema eurycerca was concluded. As far as we are aware, in Poland there were no earlier reports of this parasite infecting a swan.

中文翻译：

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波兰疣鼻天鹅 (Cygnus olor) 肉蚧 (Filarioidea) 第一份报告——病例报告

总结 鸭科的疣鼻天鹅 (Cygnus olor) 在欧洲湿地很常见。它们在非洲、亚洲和欧洲部分地区过冬。该物种在其居住地暴露于许多病原体，包括可能由其他长时间游荡并占据类似生态位的鸟类从热带国家引入的寄生虫。一个这样的案例是肉瘤丝虫感染，这是一种属于丝状线虫科的线虫。它侵入鸟类的心肌，根据一些作者的说法，这种线虫可能是天鹅死亡的主要原因之一。本研究的材料是一只大约 2 岁的雌性疣鼻天鹅，它在飞行过程中于 11 月在 Pomorskie Voivodeship（波兰，53°50′18″N 18°12′54″E）突然摔倒在地。在检查和医学观察期间，发现虚弱、腹泻和虱子感染。其最终死亡的原因归因于循环系统的故障。尸检在其肝实质内发现两个直径2-3厘米的脓肿。在心外膜中可见三种线虫，在心肌中可见更多。切开心脏后，直径约 1 毫米的黄色小病灶散布在瓣膜上。根据形态特征，确定为肉蚴感染。据我们所知，在波兰之前没有关于这种寄生虫感染天鹅的报道。在心外膜中可见三种线虫，在心肌中可见更多。切开心脏后，直径约 1 毫米的黄色小病灶散布在瓣膜上。根据形态特征，确定为肉蚴感染。据我们所知，在波兰之前没有关于这种寄生虫感染天鹅的报道。在心外膜中可见三种线虫，在心肌中可见更多。切开心脏后，直径约 1 毫米的黄色小病灶散布在瓣膜上。根据形态特征，确定为肉蚴感染。据我们所知，在波兰之前没有关于这种寄生虫感染天鹅的报道。