Traumatic injury (TI) during pregnancy increases the risk for developing neurological disorders in the infants. These disorders are a major concern for the well-being of children born after TI during pregnancy. TI during pregnancy may result in preterm labor and delivery, abruptio placentae, and/or fetomaternal hemorrhage. Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) is a widely used model to study brain and behavioral disorders in humans. In this study, we analyzed the effects of TI to female fruit flies on the development timing of larvae, social interaction and the behavior of offspring flies. TI to the female flies was found to affect the development of larvae and the behavior of offspring flies. There was a significant increase in the length of larvae delivered by traumatically injured maternal flies as compared to larvae from control maternal flies (without TI). The pupae formation from larvae, and the metamorphosis of pupae to the first generation of flies were faster in the TI group than the control group. Negative geotaxis and distance of the fly to its nearest neighbor are parameters of behavioral assessment in fruit flies. Negative geotaxis significantly decreased in the first generation of both male (p = 0.0021) and female (p = 0.0426) flies. The distance between the first generation of flies to its nearest neighbor was shorter in both male and female offspring flies in the TI group as compared to control group flies. These results indicate that TI to the female flies affected the development of larvae and resulted in early delivery, impaired social interaction and behavioral alterations in the offspring.

中文翻译：

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女性果蝇的外伤会影响发育并诱发后代的行为异常。

怀孕期间的外伤（TI）增加了婴儿发生神经系统疾病的风险。这些疾病是TI怀孕后出生的孩子的健康的主要关注点。怀孕期间的TI可能会导致早产和分娩，胎盘早剥和/或胎儿母体出血。果蝇（果蝇）是研究人类大脑和行为障碍的一种广泛使用的模型。在这项研究中，我们分析了TI对雌果蝇对幼虫发育时间，社交互动和后代果蝇行为的影响。TI对雌性果蝇的发育被发现会影响幼虫的发育和后代果蝇的行为。与来自对照母体蝇的幼虫相比（没有TI），受创伤的母蝇传递的幼虫长度显着增加。TI组中从幼虫形成的up，以及to到第一代苍蝇的变态都比对照组快。负地轴和果蝇到其最近邻居的距离是果蝇行为评估的参数。雄蝇（p = 0.0021）和雌蝇（p = 0.0426）的第一代中，负地轴显着下降。与对照组相比，TI组的雄性和雌性后代蝇中第一代蝇与最接近的邻居之间的距离更短。