Solid tumors contain a mixture of malignant cells and non-malignant infiltrating cells that often create a chronic inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironment that restricts immunotherapeutic approaches. Although childhood and adult cancers share some similarities related to microenvironmental changes, pediatric cancers are unique, and adult cancer practices may not be wholly applicable to our pediatric patients. This review highlights the differences in tumorigenesis, viral infection, and immunologic response between children and adults that need to be considered when trying to apply experiences from experimental therapies in adult cancer patients to pediatric cancers.

实体瘤包含恶性细胞和非恶性浸润细胞的混合物，通常会形成慢性炎症和免疫抑制性微环境，从而限制了免疫治疗的方法。尽管儿童期癌症和成人癌症具有与微环境变化相关的某些相似性，但儿科癌症却是独一无二的，成人癌症实践可能并不完全适用于我们的儿科患者。这篇综述强调了在尝试将成年癌症患者的实验疗法经验应用于小儿癌症时，需要考虑的儿童和成人在肿瘤发生，病毒感染和免疫反应方面的差异。