Adjuvant analgesics (ie, gabapentin, tramadol, and ketamine) are commonly used in small animal practice. Most of these drugs are prescribed for outpatients, when pain is refractory to classic analgesics (ie, local anesthetics, opioids, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]), or when contraindications exist to the administration of other analgesics, including NSAIDs. This article reviews the mechanisms of action, clinical use, potential adverse effects, and current evidence of adjuvant analgesics in the treatment of acute pain in companion animals. These drugs should be considered as alternatives aimed at reducing or replacing opioids.

中文翻译：

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急性疼痛管理中的辅助镇痛药。

辅助镇痛药（即加巴喷丁，曲马多和氯胺酮）通常在小动物实践中使用。当经典镇痛药（例如局部麻醉药，阿片类药物和非甾体类抗炎药[NSAIDs]）难以忍受疼痛，或者其他镇痛药（包括NSAIDs）的使用存在禁忌症时，这些药物中的大多数将用于门诊。本文回顾了作用机制，临床用途，潜在的不良反应以及辅助镇痛药在伴侣动物急性疼痛治疗中的最新证据。这些药物应被视为旨在减少或替代阿片类药物的替代品。