Physical agent modalities can be effective in the perioperative period for controlling pain and inflammation. This article presents research-based evidence to support the use of these modalities in pain management and to reduce the use of pain medications, including opioids. The mechanism of action, applications, contraindications, and adverse effects of cryotherapy, pulsed electromagnetic field therapy, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and laser therapy are reviewed. Incorporation of 1 or more of these therapies in anesthesia pain management protocols can improve outcomes and reduce potential drug side effects.

中文翻译：

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围手术期疼痛管理中的康复治疗。

物理制剂在围手术期可有效控制疼痛和炎症。本文提供了基于研究的证据，以支持在疼痛管理中使用这些方法，并减少使用止痛药（包括阿片类药物）的使用。综述了冷冻疗法，脉冲电磁场​​疗法，经皮神经电刺激和激光疗法的作用机理，应用，禁忌症和不良反应。在麻醉疼痛管理方案中并入这些疗法中的一种或多种可以改善治疗效果并减少潜在的药物副作用。