Palmitic acid (PA) is the most abundant saturated fatty acid in fast foods and is known to induce inflammation and cellular injury in various tissues. In this study, we investigated whether a PA-enriched diet can induce hepatic steatosis and injury in adult zebrafish. The adult zebrafish exhibited increased body weight, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and steatosis and a hepatic injury phenotype after being fed with a PA-enriched diet for 6 weeks. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that genes associated with hepatic injury were all significantly increased in the liver. Furthermore, livers from the PA-fed group showed an increased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression associated with oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses. We also found significant upregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism and triacylglyceride accumulation. Ultrastructural analysis revealed mitochondrial cristae injury and a dilated ER phenotype in the PA-fed hepatocytes, which can be causes of hepatic injury. PA-enriched diet induced hepatic steatosis and injury in adult zebrafish that recapitulated typical metabolic changes and pathophysiological changes as well as increased oxidative stress and ER stress observed in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

中文翻译：

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富含棕榈酸的饮食会引起成年斑马鱼肝脂肪变性和损伤。

棕榈酸（PA）是快餐食品中含量最丰富的饱和脂肪酸，已知会在各种组织中引起炎症和细胞损伤。在这项研究中，我们调查了富含PA的饮食是否可以引起成年斑马鱼肝脂肪变性和损伤。在喂食富含PA的食物6周后，成年斑马鱼表现出体重增加，高脂血症，高血糖，脂肪变性和肝损伤表型。定量聚合酶链反应分析表明，与肝损伤相关的基因在肝脏中均显着增加。此外，PA喂养组的肝脏显示出与氧化应激和内质网（ER）应激反应相关的信使RNA（mRNA）表达增加。我们还发现参与脂质代谢和甘油三酸酯积累的基因显着上调。超微结构分析显示，PA喂养的肝细胞中线粒体的ista损伤和ER表型扩张，这可能是肝损伤的原因。富含PA的饮食引起成年斑马鱼肝脂肪变性和损伤，概述了非酒精性脂肪肝患者的典型代谢变化和病理生理变化，以及氧化应激和内质网应激的增加。