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BRAF and MEK inhibitors differentially affect nivolumab-induced T cell activation by modulating the TCR and AKT signaling pathways.
OncoImmunology ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-12-14 , DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1512456
Peng Yue 1 , Taylor Harper 1 , Silvia M Bacot 1 , Monica Chowdhury 1 , Shiowjen Lee 2 , Adovi Akue 3 , Mark A Kukuruga 3 , Tao Wang 1 , Gerald M Feldman 1
Affiliation  

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as the anti-PD-1 antibody Nivolumab, achieve remarkable clinical efficacy in patients with late stage cancers. However, only a small subset of patients benefit from this therapy. Numerous clinical trials are underway testing whether combining ICIs with other anti-cancer therapies can increase this response rate. For example, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy combined with MAP kinase inhibition using BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) and/or MEK inhibitors (MEKi) are in development for treatment of late stage melanomas. However, the benefits and underlying mechanisms of these combinatorial therapies remain unclear. In the current study, we assess the effects of MAPK inhibition on Nivolumab-induced T cell responses. Using an in vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction assay, we demonstrate that Nivolumab-induced T cell activation is highly heterogeneous. While BRAFi inhibits Nivolumab-induced cytokine production, T cell proliferation, activation markers (CD69, CD25), and Granzyme B in a substantial proportion of donor pairs, a small subset of donor pairs shows an additive effect. MEKi alone significantly inhibits Nivolumab-induced T cell activation; the addition of BRAFi significantly enhances this inhibitory effect. Mechanistically, the effects of BRAFi and/or MEKi on Nivolumab-induced T cell activation may be due to alteration of the activation of the AKT and T cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathways. Our results suggest that MAPK inhibition may not provide a clinical benefit for most melanoma patients being treated with anti-PD-1 therapy.

中文翻译:

BRAF和MEK抑制剂通过调节TCR和AKT信号传导途径差异性地影响nivolumab诱导的T细胞活化。

免疫检查点抑制剂(ICI),例如抗PD-1抗体Nivolumab,在晚期癌症患者中获得了显着的临床疗效。但是,只有一小部分患者受益于这种疗法。许多临床试验正在进行中,以测试是否将ICI与其他抗癌疗法联合使用可以提高这种缓解率。例如,正在研发结合BRAF抑制剂(BRAFi)和/或MEK抑制剂(MEKi)的MAP激酶抑制作用的抗PD-1 / PD-L1疗法以治疗晚期黑素瘤。然而,这些组合疗法的益处和潜在机制仍不清楚。在当前研究中,我们评估了MAPK抑制对Nivolumab诱导的T细胞反应的影响。使用体外混合淋巴细胞反应分析,我们证明Nivolumab诱导的T细胞活化是高度异质的。尽管BRAFi在相当大比例的供体对中抑制Nivolumab诱导的细胞因子产生,T细胞增殖,激活标记(CD69,CD25)和颗粒酶B,但一小部分供体对却表现出累加作用。单独的MEKi会显着抑制Nivolumab诱导的T细胞活化。BRAFi的添加显着增强了这种抑制作用。从机理上讲,BRAFi和/或MEKi对Nivolumab诱导的T细胞活化的影响可能是由于AKT和T细胞受体(TCR)信号通路的活化改变所致。我们的结果表明,对于大多数接受抗PD-1治疗的黑色素瘤患者,MAPK抑制作用可能无法提供临床益处。T细胞增殖,激活标志物(CD69,CD25)和Granzyme B在供体对中占很大比例,一小部分供体对显示出累加效应。单独的MEKi会显着抑制Nivolumab诱导的T细胞活化。BRAFi的添加显着增强了这种抑制作用。从机理上讲,BRAFi和/或MEKi对Nivolumab诱导的T细胞活化的影响可能是由于AKT和T细胞受体(TCR)信号通路的活化改变所致。我们的结果表明,对于大多数接受抗PD-1治疗的黑色素瘤患者,MAPK抑制作用可能不会提供临床益处。T细胞增殖,激活标志物(CD69,CD25)和Granzyme B在供体对中占很大比例,一小部分供体对显示出累加效应。单独的MEKi会显着抑制Nivolumab诱导的T细胞活化。BRAFi的添加显着增强了这种抑制作用。从机理上讲,BRAFi和/或MEKi对Nivolumab诱导的T细胞活化的影响可能是由于AKT和T细胞受体(TCR)信号通路的活化改变所致。我们的结果表明,对于大多数接受抗PD-1治疗的黑色素瘤患者,MAPK抑制作用可能不会提供临床益处。单独的MEKi会显着抑制Nivolumab诱导的T细胞活化。BRAFi的添加显着增强了这种抑制作用。从机理上讲,BRAFi和/或MEKi对Nivolumab诱导的T细胞活化的影响可能是由于AKT和T细胞受体(TCR)信号通路的活化改变所致。我们的结果表明,对于大多数接受抗PD-1治疗的黑色素瘤患者,MAPK抑制作用可能不会提供临床益处。单独的MEKi会显着抑制Nivolumab诱导的T细胞活化。BRAFi的添加显着增强了这种抑制作用。从机理上讲,BRAFi和/或MEKi对Nivolumab诱导的T细胞活化的影响可能是由于AKT和T细胞受体(TCR)信号通路的活化改变所致。我们的结果表明,对于大多数接受抗PD-1治疗的黑色素瘤患者,MAPK抑制作用可能不会提供临床益处。
更新日期:2018-10-29
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