Genome rearrangements are important in pathology and evolution. The thesis of this review is that the genome is in peril when replication forks stall, and stalled forks are normally rescued by error-free mechanisms. Failure of error-free mechanisms results in large-scale chromosome changes called gross chromosomal rearrangements, GCRs, by the aficionados. In this review we discuss five error-free mechanisms a replication fork may use to overcome blockage, mechanisms that are still poorly understood. We then speculate on how genome rearrangements may occur when such mechanisms fail. Replication fork recovery failure may be an important feature of the oncogenic process. (Feedback to the authors on topics discussed herein is welcome.).

中文翻译：

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复制叉的五个自由度、它们的失败和基因组重排。

基因组重排在病理学和进化中很重要。这篇综述的论点是，当复制叉停顿时，基因组处于危险之中，而停顿的叉通常是通过无错误机制来拯救的。无错误机制的失败会导致大规模的染色体变化，被爱好者称为严重的染色体重排，GCR。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了复制叉可以用来克服阻塞的五种无错误机制，这些机制仍然知之甚少。然后我们推测当这种机制失败时基因组重排可能如何发生。复制叉恢复失败可能是致癌过程的一个重要特征。（欢迎就此处讨论的主题向作者提供反馈。）。