Parietal cells are responsible for gastric acid secretion, which aids in the digestion of food, absorption of minerals, and control of harmful bacteria. However, a fine balance of activators and inhibitors of parietal cell-mediated acid secretion is required to ensure proper digestion of food, while preventing damage to the gastric and duodenal mucosa. As a result, parietal cell secretion is highly regulated through numerous mechanisms including the vagus nerve, gastrin, histamine, ghrelin, somatostatin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and other agonists and antagonists. The tight regulation of parietal cells ensures the proper secretion of HCl. The H+-K+-ATPase enzyme expressed in parietal cells regulates the exchange of cytoplasmic H+ for extracellular K+. The H+ secreted into the gastric lumen by the H+-K+-ATPase combines with luminal Cl- to form gastric acid, HCl. Inhibition of the H+-K+-ATPase is the most efficacious method of preventing harmful gastric acid secretion. Proton pump inhibitors and potassium competitive acid blockers are widely used therapeutically to inhibit acid secretion. Stimulated delivery of the H+-K+-ATPase to the parietal cell apical surface requires the fusion of intracellular tubulovesicles with the overlying secretory canaliculus, a process that represents the most prominent example of apical membrane recycling. In addition to their unique ability to secrete gastric acid, parietal cells also play an important role in gastric mucosal homeostasis through the secretion of multiple growth factor molecules. The gastric parietal cell therefore plays multiple roles in gastric secretion and protection as well as coordination of physiological repair.

中文翻译：

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胃壁细胞的生理学。


壁细胞负责胃酸分泌，有助于食物的消化、矿物质的吸收和控制有害细菌。然而，需要壁细胞介导的酸分泌的激活剂和抑制剂的良好平衡，以确保食物的适当消化，同时防止胃和十二指肠粘膜受损。因此，壁细胞的分泌通过多种机制受到高度调节，包括迷走神经、胃泌素、组胺、生长素释放肽、生长抑素、胰高血糖素样肽 1 以及其他激动剂和拮抗剂。壁细胞的严格调节确保了 HCl 的正常分泌。壁细胞中表达的 H+-K+-ATP 酶调节细胞质 H+ 与细胞外 K+ 的交换。 H+-K+-ATP酶分泌到胃腔的H+与腔内的Cl-结合形成胃酸HCl。抑制 H+-K+-ATP 酶是预防有害胃酸分泌的最有效方法。质子泵抑制剂和钾竞争性酸阻滞剂在治疗上广泛用于抑制酸分泌。刺激 H+-K+-ATP 酶向壁细胞顶表面的递送需要细胞内管泡与上覆的分泌小管融合，这一过程代表了顶膜回收的最突出的例子。壁细胞除了具有独特的分泌胃酸的能力外，还通过分泌多种生长因子分子在胃粘膜稳态中发挥重要作用。因此，胃壁细胞在胃分泌和保护以及协调生理修复方面发挥着多种作用。