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Testing the presence of marine protected areas against their ability to reduce pressures on biodiversity
Conservation Biology ( IF 5.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-28 , DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13429
Simone L Stevenson 1, 2 , Skipton N C Woolley 3 , Jon Barnett 2 , Piers Dunstan 3
Affiliation  

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are the preferred tool for preventing marine biodiversity loss, as reflected in international protected area targets. Concerns have been raised that opposition from resource users is driving MPAs into low-pressure areas while high-use areas remain unprotected, with serious implications for biodiversity conservation. We apply a novel test of the spatial relationships between different pressures on marine biodiversity and protection in the world's MPAs. We find that as pressures from pelagic and artisanal fishing, shipping and introductions of invasive species by ship increase, the likelihood of protection decreases, and this relationship persists under even the most relaxed categories of protection. In contrast, as pressures from dispersed, diffusive sources such as pollution and ocean acidification increase, so does the likelihood of protection. We conclude that MPAs are systematically established in areas where there is low political opposition, limiting the capacity of existing MPAs to manage key drivers of biodiversity loss. We suggest that conservation efforts should focus on biodiversity outcomes rather than prescribing area-based targets and that alternative approaches to conservation are needed in areas where protection is not feasible. Article Impact Statement: Marine protected areas are established where political opposition is low, limiting their capacity to mitigate drivers of biodiversity loss. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译:

测试海洋保护区的存在与它们减轻生物多样性压力的能力

正如国际保护区目标所反映的那样,海洋保护区 (MPA) 是防止海洋生物多样性丧失的首选工具。有人担心资源使用者的反对正在将海洋保护区推向低压地区,而高利用地区仍未受到保护,这对生物多样性保护产生了严重影响。我们对世界海洋保护区对海洋生物多样性和保护的不同压力之间的空间关系进行了新的测试。我们发现,随着来自远洋和手工捕鱼、运输和船舶引入入侵物种的压力增加,保护的可能性降低,即使在最宽松的保护类别下,这种关系也会持续存在。相比之下,随着来自污染和海洋酸化等分散扩散源的压力增加,获得保护的可能性也是如此。我们的结论是,海洋保护区系统地建立在政治反对较少的地区,限制了现有海洋保护区管理生物多样性丧失的关键驱动因素的能力。我们建议保护工作应侧重于生物多样性结果,而不是规定基于区域的目标,并且在保护不可行的地区需要替代保护方法。文章影响声明:海洋保护区建立在政治反对较少的地方,限制了它们减轻生物多样性丧失驱动因素的能力。本文受版权保护。版权所有。限制现有海洋保护区管理生物多样性丧失的关键驱动因素的能力。我们建议保护工作应侧重于生物多样性结果,而不是规定基于区域的目标,并且在保护不可行的地区需要替代保护方法。文章影响声明:海洋保护区建立在政治反对较少的地方,限制了它们减轻生物多样性丧失驱动因素的能力。本文受版权保护。版权所有。限制现有海洋保护区管理生物多样性丧失的关键驱动因素的能力。我们建议保护工作应侧重于生物多样性结果,而不是规定基于区域的目标,并且在保护不可行的地区需要替代保护方法。文章影响声明:海洋保护区建立在政治反对较少的地方,限制了它们减轻生物多样性丧失驱动因素的能力。本文受版权保护。版权所有。海洋保护区建立在政治反对较少的地方,限制了它们减轻生物多样性丧失驱动因素的能力。本文受版权保护。版权所有。海洋保护区建立在政治反对较少的地方,限制了它们减轻生物多样性丧失驱动因素的能力。本文受版权保护。版权所有。
更新日期:2020-02-28
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