Phytopathogenic bacteria affect a wide variety of crops, causing significant economic losses. Natural biocides are the alternative to chemical methods of phytopathogens control. The goal of the present study is the evaluation of the biocidal activity of the following: 1) the extract of orange wax (EOW); 2) zinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZF-NPs); 3) the EOW adsorbed on the ZF-NPs; and 4) the EOW/ZF-NPs washed with 40% ethanol. For the biocidal activity, three phytopathogenic bacteria were used, namely, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Vesicatoria (Xav) Erwinia amylovora (Ew), and Pseudomonas syringae pv. Phaseolicola (Psph). For the ZF-NPs, an inhibitory effect higher than 50% ( ) was observed for Xav respect to the antibiotic used as positive control. On the other hand, the ZF-NPs did not show inhibitory effects on both Ew and Psph. In addition, the EOW in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 100% caused growth inhibition on Xav, bacteriostatic activity on Ew, and had not biological activity on Psph. To the best of our knowledge, the control of Xav by zinc ferrites and orange wax, and the bacteriostatic effect produced by orange wax extract on Ew have not been reported elsewhere. Orange wax and zinc ferrite nanoparticles show potential in control of phytopathogenic bacteria. However, the bactericidal effect depends on the bacterium, the concentration of treatments, and the method of preparation.

中文翻译：

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锌铁氧体纳米颗粒和橙蜡提取物对三种植物病原微生物的体外杀菌作用。

植物致病细菌影响多种作物，造成重大的经济损失。天然杀生物剂是控制植物病原体化学方法的替代方法。本研究的目的是评估以下生物杀灭活性：1）橙蜡提取物（EOW）；2）铁酸锌纳米颗粒（ZF-NPs）; 3）EOW吸附在ZF-NP上；4）用40％乙醇洗涤EOW / ZF-NP。为了具有杀生物活性，使用了三种植物致病细菌，即Xanthomonas axonopodis pv。Vesicatoria（Xav）淀粉欧文氏菌（Ew）和丁香假单胞菌pv。菜豆（Psph）。对于ZF-NP，相对于用作阳性对照的抗生素，Xav的抑制作用观察到高于50％（）。另一方面，ZF-NP对Ew和Psph均未显示抑制作用。此外，100％的二甲基亚砜（DMSO）中的EOW引起Xav的生长抑制，Ew的抑菌活性，而对Psph没有生物学活性。据我们所知，锌铁氧体和橙色蜡对Xav的控制以及橙色蜡提取物对Ew产生的抑菌作用尚未在其他地方报道。橙色蜡和锌铁氧体纳米粒子显示出控制植物致病细菌的潜力。但是，杀菌效果取决于细菌，治疗浓度和制备方法。而且橙色蜡提取物对Ew产生的抑菌作用在其他地方也没有报道。橙色蜡和铁氧体锌纳米颗粒显示出控制植物致病细菌的潜力。但是，杀菌效果取决于细菌，治疗浓度和制备方法。而且橙色蜡提取物对Ew产生的抑菌作用在其他地方也没有报道。橙色蜡和锌铁氧体纳米粒子显示出控制植物致病细菌的潜力。但是，杀菌效果取决于细菌，治疗浓度和制备方法。