Cold-induced Ca2+ signals in plants are widely accepted to be involved in cold acclimation. Surprisingly, despite using Arabidopsis plants grown in a growth chamber, we observed a clear seasonal change in cold-induced Ca2+ signals only in roots. Ca2+ signals were captured using Arabidopsis expressing Yellow Cameleon 3.60. In winter, two Ca2+ signal peaks were observed during a cooling treatment from 20 to 0°C, but in summer only one small peak was observed under the same cooling condition. In the spring and autumn seasons, an intermediate type of Ca2+ signal, which had a delayed first peak and smaller second peaks compared with the those of the winter type, was observed. Volatile chemicals and/or particles in the air from the outside may affect plants in the growth chamber. This idea is supported by the fact that incubation of plants with activated carbon changed the intermediate-type Ca2+ signal to the summer-type. The seasonality was also observed in the freezing tolerance of plants cold-acclimated in a low-temperature chamber. The solar radiation intensity was weakly correlated, not only with the seasonal characteristics of the Ca2+ signal, but also with freezing tolerance. It has been reported that the ethylene concentration in the atmosphere seasonally changes depending on the solar radiation intensity. Ethylene gas and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid treatment affected the Ca2+ signals, the shape of which became a shape close to, but not the same as, the winter type from the other types, indicating that ethylene may be one of several factors influencing the cold-induced Ca2+ signal. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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寒冷诱导钙信号的季节特异性和大气中的挥发性化学物质

植物中冷诱导的 Ca2+ 信号被广泛认为与冷驯化有关。令人惊讶的是，尽管使用生长在生长室中的拟南芥植物，但我们仅在根中观察到冷诱导的 Ca2+ 信号的明显季节性变化。使用表达 Yellow Cameleon 3.60 的拟南芥捕获 Ca2+ 信号。在冬季，在 20 至 0°C 的降温处理过程中观察到两个 Ca2+ 信号峰，而在夏季，在相同降温条件下仅观察到一个小峰。在春秋两季，观察到Ca2+信号的中间型，与冬季型相比，其第一峰延迟，第二峰较小。来自外部的空气中的挥发性化学物质和/或颗粒可能会影响生长室内的植物。这一想法得到了以下事实的支持：用活性炭培育植物将中间型 Ca2+ 信号改变为夏季型。在低温室中冷驯化的植物的抗冻性也观察到季节性。太阳辐射强度不仅与Ca2+信号的季节特征有关，而且与耐冻性有关。据报道，大气中的乙烯浓度随太阳辐射强度而季节性变化。乙烯气体和1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸处理影响Ca2+信号，其形状从其他类型变为接近但与冬季类型不同的形状，表明乙烯可能是几个因素之一影响冷诱导的 Ca2+ 信号。本文受版权保护。版权所有。