A recently emerging protein family, shugoshin, plays a crucial role in the centromeric protection of cohesin, which is responsible for sister chromatid cohesion. This is especially important at the first meiotic division, where cohesin is cleaved by separase only along chromosome arms while the centromeric cohesin must be preserved. In vertebrate cells, arm cohesion is largely lost during prophase and prometaphase in order to facilitate sister chromatid resolution, whereas centromeric cohesion is preserved until the bipolar attachment of sister chromatids is established. Vertebrate shugoshin plays an essential role in protecting centromeric cohesin from prophase dissociation. In yeast, shugoshin also has a crucial role in sensing the loss of tension at kinetochores and in generating the spindle checkpoint signal.

中文翻译：

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Shugoshin：着丝粒的守护神。


最近出现的蛋白质家族 shugoshin 在粘连蛋白的着丝粒保护中发挥着至关重要的作用，粘连蛋白负责姐妹染色单体的粘连。这在第一次减数分裂中尤其重要，其中粘连蛋白仅沿着染色体臂被分离酶切割，而着丝粒粘连蛋白必须被保留。在脊椎动物细胞中，臂内聚力在前期和中期大量丧失，以促进姐妹染色单体的解析，而着丝粒内聚力得以保留，直到姐妹染色单体的双极附着建立。脊椎动物的 shugoshin 在保护着丝粒粘连蛋白免于前期解离方面发挥着重要作用。在酵母中，shugoshin 在感知动粒张力损失和产生纺锤体检查点信号方面也发挥着至关重要的作用。