Some recent advances in the chemistry of penicillin are presented. The group of antibiotics known as the penicillins have a unique position in chemistry. Not only were they the first type of antibiotic to be widely accepted in medical practice, but their chemistry proved to be of unusual interest and complexity. Modem fermentation plants have reduced the cost of the penicillins such that one should now regard these compounds as a potentially useful raw material, suitable as starting point for further transformations. As an example one may quote the use of penicillins as precursors for the synthesis of the related, and important, antibiotics, the cephalosporins. The parent penam (I) and cephem (II) systems have similar chemical structures notably the identical f3-lactam grouping (III) and the same C5 isoprenoid-like unit to the right of the dotted lines in (I) and (II). The systems differ in that the cephalosporins have a higher oxidation level than the penicillins and a different substitution patem on the C5 unit. HHH'. HHH' N2 PhCH2CO NIJOAc (I) C021-I (IT)

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青霉素化学的一些方面

介绍了青霉素化学的一些最新进展。被称为青霉素的抗生素组在化学中具有独特的地位。它们不仅是第一种在医学实践中被广泛接受的抗生素，而且它们的化学性质被证明具有不同寻常的意义和复杂性。现代发酵工厂降低了青霉素的成本，因此人们现在应该将这些化合物视为一种潜在有用的原材料，适合作为进一步转化的起点。例如，可以引用青霉素作为合成相关且重要的抗生素头孢菌素的前体的用途。母体 Penam (I) 和头孢烯 (II) 系统具有相似的化学结构，特别是相同的 f3-内酰胺组 (III) 和 (I) 和 (II) 中虚线右侧的相同 C5 类异戊二烯单元。这些系统的不同之处在于头孢菌素比青霉素具有更高的氧化水平，并且在 C5 单元上具有不同的取代基。呵呵'。HHH' N2 PhCH2CO NIJOAc (I) C021-I (IT)