Mosquito-borne flaviviruses (MBFVs) are of public and animal health concern because they cause millions of human deaths annually and impact domestic animals and wildlife globally. MBFVs are phylogenetically divided into two clades, one is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes (Ae-MBFVs) associated with mammals and the other by Culex mosquitoes (Cx-MBFVs) associated with birds. However, this assumption has not been evaluated. Here, we synthesized 79 published reports of MBFVs from wild mammals, estimating their host. Then, we tested whether the host specificity was biased to sampling and investigation efforts or to phylogenetic relationships using a viral phylogenetic tree drawn from analyzing whole flavivirus genomes obtained in GenBank. We found in total 18 flaviviruses, nine related to Aedes spp. and nine to Culex spp. infecting 129 mammal species. Thus, this supports that vectors are transmitting MBFV across available host clades and that ornithophilic mosquitoes are readily infecting mammals. Although most of the mosquito species are generalists in their host-feeding preferences, we also found a certain degree of MBFV’s specificity, as most of them infect closely related mammal species. The present study integrates knowledge regarding MBFVs, and it may help to understand their transmission dynamics between viruses, vectors, and mammal hosts.

中文翻译：

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深入了解感染野生哺乳动物的蚊媒黄病毒的宿主特异性。

蚊子传播的黄病毒（MBFV）引起公众和动物健康的关注，因为它们每年造成数百万人死亡，并影响全球的家畜和野生动植物。MBFVs在系统发育上分为两个进化枝，一个由与哺乳动物相关的伊蚊（Ae -MBFVs）传播，另一个由库蚊（Clex）蚊子传播（Cx-MBFV）与鸟类相关联。但是，此假设尚未评估。在这里，我们合成了79种已发表的野生哺乳动物MBFV的报告，估计了它们的宿主。然后，我们使用从GenBank中获得的整个黄病毒基因组进行分析得出的病毒系统树，测试了宿主特异性是偏向于抽样和调查工作，还是偏向于亲缘关系。我们总共发现了18种黄病毒，其中9种与伊蚊属有关。和九到库克斯spp。感染129种哺乳动物。因此，这支持了载体正在跨可用宿主进化枝传播MBFV，并且嗜食性蚊子容易感染哺乳动物。尽管大多数蚊子在寄主选择方面都具有普遍性，但我们也发现了MBFV在一定程度上具有特异性，因为它们大多数感染密切相关的哺乳动物。本研究整合了有关MBFV的知识，可能有助于了解它们在病毒，载体和哺乳动物宿主之间的传播动态。