Introduction: Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major health threat both for the very young and the elderly. With yearly 3.2 million hospital admissions and approximately 118,000 deaths due to RSV in children across the globe, the impact of this infectious disease is very high. Development of a safe RSV vaccine is of utmost importance but has proven to be challenging for several reasons. Researchers are faced with the history of a failed RSV vaccine trial, difficult target populations, a virus that naturally does not induce a long-lasting immune response and ambiguity concerning the optimal correlate of protection. Many different vaccine formats are being tested in preclinical models and about 30 candidate RSV vaccines are being evaluated in clinical trials.Areas covered: In this review we focus on the difficulties concerning the development of an effective RSV vaccine and discuss vaccines that are currently in clinical trials and how they have dealt with these challenges. We review live-attenuated vaccines, vectored vaccines, subunit vaccines and particle-based vaccines.Expert opinion: It is clear that this field is progressing rapidly with several promising RSV vaccine candidates. A safe and effective RSV vaccine might be on the brink of clinical implementation soon.

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在临床试验中，针对人类呼吸道合胞病毒的疫苗现在在哪里？

简介：人呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）对年轻人和老年人都是主要的健康威胁。全球每年有320万人次入院住院，由于RSV导致约118,000例死亡，这种传染病的影响非常大。安全的RSV疫苗的开发极为重要，但由于多种原因，已经证明具有挑战性。研究人员面临着失败的RSV疫苗试验的历史，困难的目标人群，自然不会诱导长期免疫应答的病毒以及关于最佳保护相关性的模棱两可的问题。在临床前模型中正在测试许多不同的疫苗形式，并且在临床试验中正在评估大约30种候选RSV疫苗。在这篇综述中，我们着眼于开发有效的RSV疫苗的困难，并讨论了目前正在临床试验中的疫苗以及它们如何应对这些挑战。我们审查了减毒活疫苗，载体疫苗，亚单位疫苗和基于颗粒的疫苗。专家意见：很明显，这一领域正在迅速发展，有几种有希望的RSV候选疫苗。安全有效的RSV疫苗可能即将在临床上实施。