The human microbiome is composed of four major areas including intestinal, skin, vaginal, and oral microbiomes, with each area containing unique species and unique functionalities. The human microbiome may be modulated with prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics to potentially aid in the treatment of diseases like irritable bowel syndrome, bacterial vaginosis, atopic dermatitis, gingivitis, obesity, or cancer. There is also potential for many of the inhabitants of the human microbiome to directly modulate host gene expression and modulate host detoxifying enzyme activity like cytochrome P450s (CYPs), dehydrogenases, and carboxylesterases. Therefore, the microbiome may be important to consider during drug discovery, risk assessment, and dosing regimens for various diseases given that the human microbiome has been shown to impact host detoxification processes.

中文翻译：

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宿主、人类微生物组和药物代谢之间的相互作用。


人体微生物组由肠道、皮肤、阴道和口腔微生物组等四个主要区域组成，每个区域都包含独特的物种和独特的功能。人类微生物组可以用益生元、益生菌和后生元进行调节，以潜在地帮助治疗肠易激综合征、细菌性阴道病、特应性皮炎、牙龈炎、肥胖或癌症等疾病。人类微生物组中的许多居民也有可能直接调节宿主基因表达并调节宿主解毒酶活性，如细胞色素 P450 (CYP)、脱氢酶和羧酸酯酶。因此，鉴于人类微生物组已被证明会影响宿主的解毒过程，因此在药物发现、风险评估和各种疾病的给药方案期间考虑微生物组可能很重要。