Four-way DNA intermediates, called Holliday junctions (HJs), can form during meiotic and mitotic recombination, and their removal is crucial for chromosome segregation. A group of ubiquitous and highly specialized structure-selective endonucleases catalyze the cleavage of HJs into two disconnected DNA duplexes in a reaction called HJ resolution. These enzymes, called HJ resolvases, have been identified in bacteria and their bacteriophages, archaea, and eukaryotes. In this review, we discuss fundamental aspects of the HJ structure and their interaction with junction-resolving enzymes. This is followed by a brief discussion of the eubacterial RuvABC enzymes, which provide the paradigm for HJ resolvases in other organisms. Finally, we review the biochemical and structural properties of some well-characterized resolvases from archaea, bacteriophage, and eukaryotes.

中文翻译：

---

霍利迪交界处分解酶。

四向 DNA 中间体，称为 Holliday 结 (HJ)，可以在减数分裂和有丝分裂重组过程中形成，它们的去除对于染色体分离至关重要。一组普遍存在且高度专业化的结构选择性核酸内切酶在称为 HJ 解析的反应中催化 HJ 裂解为两个断开的 DNA 双链体。这些酶称为 HJ 解离酶，已在细菌及其噬菌体、古细菌和真核生物中发现。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 HJ 结构的基本方面及其与连接解析酶的相互作用。接下来是对真细菌 RuvABC 酶的简要讨论，它为其他生物体中的 HJ 解离酶提供了范例。最后，我们回顾了来自古细菌、噬菌体、