Caveolae are specialized plasma membrane subdomains with distinct lipid and protein compositions, which play an essential role in cell physiology through regulation of trafficking and signaling functions. The structure and functions of caveolae have been shown to require the proteins caveolins. Recently, members of the cavin protein family were found to be required, in concert with caveolins, for the formation and function of caveolae. Caveolins have a paradoxical role in the development of cancer formation. They have been involved in both tumor suppression and oncogenesis, depending on tumor type and progress stage. High expression of caveolins and cavins leads to inhibition of cancer-related pathways, such as growth factor signaling pathways. However, certain cancer cells that express caveolins and cavins have been shown to be more aggressive and metastatic because of their increased potential for anchorage-independent growth. Here, we will survey the functional roles of caveolins and of different cavin family members in cancer regulation.

中文翻译：

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Caveolin和cavin家庭成员：在癌症中起双重作用。

小窝是具有不同脂质和蛋白质组成的专门质膜亚结构域，通过调节运输和信号传导功能，它们在细胞生理中起着至关重要的作用。已经证明小窝的结构和功能需要蛋白质小窝蛋白。最近，发现cavin蛋白家族的成员与caveolins共同需要caveolae的形成和功能。洞穴蛋白在癌症形成的发展中具有矛盾的作用。根据肿瘤类型和进展阶段，它们已经参与了肿瘤抑制和肿瘤发生。小窝蛋白和cavins的高表达导致抑制与癌症相关的途径，例如生长因子信号通路。然而，某些表达caveolins和cavins的癌细胞因其锚定非依赖性生长的潜力增加而显示出更具攻击性和转移性。在这里，我们将调查小窝蛋白和不同cavin家族成员在癌症调控中的功能作用。