Epidemiology supports the important role of nutrition in prostate cancer (PCa) prevention. Pomegranate juice (PJ) exerts protective effects against PCa, mainly attributed to PJ ellagitannins (ETs). Our aim was to assess whether ETs or their metabolites ellagic acid and urolithins reach the human prostate upon consumption of ET‐rich foods and to evaluate the effect on the expression of three proliferation biomarkers. Sixty‐three patients with BPH or PCa were divided into controls and consumers of walnuts (35 g walnuts/day) or pomegranate (200 mL PJ/day) for 3 days before surgery. Independently of the ETs source, the main metabolite detected was urolithin A glucuronide, (3,8‐dihydroxy‐6H‐dibenzo[b,d]pyran‐6‐one glucuronide) (up to 2 ng/g) together with the traces of urolithin B glucuronide, (3‐hydroxy‐6H‐dibenzo[b,d]pyran‐6‐one glucuronide) and dimethyl ellagic acid. The small number of prostates containing metabolites was likely caused by clearance of the compounds during the fasting. This was corroborated in a parallel rat study and thus the presence of higher quantities of metabolites at earlier time points cannot be discarded. No apparent changes in the expression of CDKN1A, MKi‐67 or c‐Myc were found after consumption of the walnuts or PJ. Our results suggest that urolithin glucuronides and dimethyl ellagic acid may be the molecules responsible for the beneficial effects of PJ against PCa.

中文翻译：

---

食用核桃和石榴汁后在人前列腺中尿石素，肠道菌群鞣花酸代谢物和增殖标志物表达反应的发生。

流行病学支持营养在预防前列腺癌（PCa）中的重要作用。石榴汁（PJ）对PCa具有保护作用，主要归因于PJ鞣花单宁（ETs）。我们的目的是评估食用富含ET的食物后ET或其代谢产物鞣花酸和尿石素是否到达人体前列腺，并评估其对三种增殖生物标志物表达的影响。在手术前3天，将63例BPH或PCa患者分为对照组和食用核桃（35 g核桃/天）或石榴（200 mL PJ /天）的消费者。与ETs来源无关，检测到的主要代谢物是尿石素A葡萄糖醛酸（3,8-二羟基-6H-二苯并[b，d]吡喃-6-1葡萄糖醛酸）（最高2 ng / g）以及痕量尿石素B葡萄糖醛酸（3-羟基-6H-二苯并[ b，d ]吡喃-6-葡糖醛酸）和二甲基鞣花酸。禁食期间清除化合物可能导致少量含有代谢产物的前列腺。在一项平行大鼠研究中证实了这一点，因此不能丢弃在较早时间点存在的大量代谢物。食用核桃或PJ后，未发现CDKN1A，MKi-67或c-Myc表达的明显变化。我们的结果表明，尿石素葡萄糖醛酸和二甲基鞣花酸可能是负责PJ对PCa有益作用的分子。