Despite mounting evidence implicating inflammation in cardiovascular diseases, attempts at clinical translation have shown mixed results. Recent preclinical studies have reenergized this field and provided new insights into how to favorably modulate cardiac macrophage function in the context of acute myocardial injury and chronic disease. In this review, we discuss the origins and roles of cardiac macrophage populations in the steady-state and diseased heart, focusing on the human heart and mouse models of ischemia, hypertensive heart disease, and aortic stenosis. Specific attention is given to delineating the roles of tissue-resident and recruited monocyte-derived macrophage subsets. We also highlight emerging concepts of monocyte plasticity and heterogeneity among monocyte-derived macrophages, describe possible mechanisms by which infiltrating monocytes acquire unique macrophage fates, and discuss the putative impact of these populations on cardiac remodeling. Finally, we discuss strategies to target inflammatory macrophage populations.

中文翻译：

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针对心力衰竭发炎的新方法：利用免疫细胞多样性研究的见识。

尽管越来越多的证据表明炎症涉及心血管疾病，但尝试进行临床翻译的结果却好坏参半。最近的临床前研究为该领域注入了新的活力，并为如何在急性心肌损伤和慢性疾病的背景下更好地调节心脏巨噬细胞功能提供了新见解。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了心脏巨噬细胞在稳态和患病心脏中的起源和作用，重点研究了缺血，高血压心脏病和主动脉狭窄的人类心脏和小鼠模型。特别注意描述组织驻留和募集的单核细胞衍生的巨噬细胞亚群的作用。我们还将重点介绍单核细胞衍生的巨噬细胞中单核细胞可塑性和异质性的新兴概念，描述了浸润单核细胞获得独特的巨噬细胞命运的可能机制，并讨论了这些种群对心脏重塑的假定影响。最后，我们讨论了针对炎症性巨噬细胞群体的策略。