The morphology of the prognathous, host-seeking first-instar larvae of Stylops advarians was examined to advance our understanding of their adaptations to reach immature bee hosts, a process requiring temporal phoresy on an adult bee. Sensory structures on the larval head, including eye spots and two pairs of olfactory pits, evidently assist recognition of an adult bee and eventual detection of a permanent host within a nest cell. First-instar larvae utilize various features of their appendages to travel securely on their phoretic host. Flexible adhesive tarsi of the pro- and mesothoracic legs allow them to embark and be retained on a flying bee. The tips of the pair of caudal filaments appear modified for a similar purpose. Spinulae of two lengths, and arranged in distinct patterns, cover the posterior edges of the thoracic and abdominal segments both dorsally and ventrally. These projections can cause lodging of larvae in the plumose hairs of the phoretic host, and may lock into the exine of pollen collected by the foraging bee. Discovery of a first-instar larva partially packed into a pollen load and in the crop of Andrena milwaukeensis demonstrates that Stylops is adapted to travel with a phoretic host both externally and internally.

中文翻译：

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寄主的Stylops advarians Pierce（Strepsiptera，Stylopidae）的寄主幼虫的适应性形态，这是Andrena milwaukeensis Graenicher（Hymenoptera，Andrenidae）的寄生虫。

研究了Stylops advarians寻求寄主的成年幼虫的形态，以增进我们对它们适应未成熟蜜蜂寄主的适应的理解，这个过程需要对成年蜜蜂进行暂时的鉴定。幼虫头部的感觉结构，包括眼斑和两对嗅觉凹坑，显然有助于识别成年蜜蜂并最终检测巢细胞内的永久宿主​​。一龄幼虫利用其附肢的各种特征在其隐喻寄主上安全旅行。前胸和中胸腿的柔软的粘性睑板可以使它们登上并固定在飞行的蜜蜂上。尾纤丝对的末端似乎经过修饰，目的类似。两种长度的棘，排列成不同的图案，覆盖胸部和腹部的后缘，无论是背侧还是腹侧。这些投射可能会导致幼虫滞留在phor虫寄主的羽状毛发中，并且可能会锁定在觅食蜂收集的花粉外壁中。在部分雄性幼虫的花粉中和雄性Andrena milwaukeensis的农作物中发现，Stylops适于与隐性寄主在内部和外部传播。