This paper presents one of the latest developments in the blasting engineering modelling field-the Hybrid Stress Blasting Model (HSBM). HSBM includes a rock breakage engine to model detonation, wave propagation, rock fragmentation, and muck pile formation. Results from two controlled blasting experiments were used to evaluate the code's ability to predict the extent of damage. Results indicate that the code is capable of adequately predicting both the extent and shape of the damage zone associated with the influence of point-of-initiation and free-face boundary conditions. Radial fractures extending towards a free face are apparent in the modelling output and matched those mapped after the experiment. In the stage 2 validation experiment, the maximum extent of visible damage was of the order of 1.45 m for the fully coupled 38-mm emulsion charge. Peak radial velocities were predicted within a relative difference of only 1.59% at the nearest history point at 0.3 m from the explosive charge. Discrepancies were larger further away from the charge, with relative differences of -22.4% and -42.9% at distances of 0.46 m and 0.61 m, respectively, meaning that the model overestimated particle velocities at these distances. This attenuation deficiency in the modelling produced an overestimation of the damage zone at the corner of the block due to excessive stress reflections. The extent of visible damage in the immediate vicinity of the blasthole adequately matched the measurements.

中文翻译：

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模拟爆炸引起的完全耦合爆炸装药的损伤

本文介绍了爆破工程建模领域的最新发展之一——混合应力爆破模型 (HSBM)。HSBM 包括一个岩石破碎引擎，用于模拟爆炸、波浪传播、岩石破碎和渣土堆的形成。两个受控爆破实验的结果用于评估代码预测损坏程度的能力。结果表明，该代码能够充分预测与起始点和自由面边界条件影响相关的损坏区域的范围和形状。向自由面延伸的径向裂缝在建模输出中很明显，并且与实验后映射的裂缝相匹配。在阶段 2 验证实验中，可见损伤的最大程度为 1 级。45 m 用于完全耦合的 38-mm 乳剂装料。在距炸药装药 0.3 m 的最近历史点处，预测峰值径向速度的相对差异仅为 1.59%。离电荷越远差异越大，在 0.46 m 和 0.61 m 的距离处的相对差异分别为 -22.4% 和 -42.9%，这意味着模型高估了这些距离处的粒子速度。由于过度的应力反射，建模中的这种衰减缺陷导致高估了块角处的损坏区域。炮眼附近的可见损坏程度与测量结果完全相符。离电荷越远差异越大，在 0.46 m 和 0.61 m 的距离处的相对差异分别为 -22.4% 和 -42.9%，这意味着模型高估了这些距离处的粒子速度。由于过度的应力反射，建模中的这种衰减缺陷导致高估了块角处的损坏区域。炮眼附近的可见损坏程度与测量结果完全相符。离电荷越远差异越大，在 0.46 m 和 0.61 m 的距离处的相对差异分别为 -22.4% 和 -42.9%，这意味着模型高估了这些距离处的粒子速度。由于过度的应力反射，建模中的这种衰减缺陷导致高估了块角处的损坏区域。炮眼附近的可见损坏程度与测量结果完全相符。