Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses the combination of nontoxic dyes and harmless visible light to produce reactive oxygen species that can kill cancer cells and infectious microorganisms. Due to the tendency of most photosensitizers (PS) to be poorly soluble and to form nonphotoactive aggregates, drug-delivery vehicles have become of high importance. The nanotechnology revolution has provided many examples of nanoscale drug-delivery platforms that have been applied to PDT. These include liposomes, lipoplexes, nanoemulsions, micelles, polymer nanoparticles (degradable and nondegradable), and silica nanoparticles. In some cases (fullerenes and quantum dots), the actual nanoparticle itself is the PS. Targeting ligands such as antibodies and peptides can be used to increase specificity. Gold and silver nanoparticles can provide plasmonic enhancement of PDT. Two-photon excitation or optical upconversion can be used instead of one-photon excitation to increase tissue penetration at longer wavelengths. Finally, after sections on in vivo studies and nanotoxicology, we attempt to answer the title question, “can nanotechnology potentiate PDT?”

中文翻译：

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纳米技术可以加强光动力疗法吗？

摘要 光动力疗法 (PDT) 使用无毒染料和无害可见光的组合来产生可杀死癌细胞和传染性微生物的活性氧。由于大多数光敏剂 (PS) 溶解性差并形成非光活性聚集体的趋势，药物输送载体变得非常重要。纳米技术革命提供了许多已应用于 PDT 的纳米级药物输送平台的例子。这些包括脂质体、脂质复合物、纳米乳液、胶束、聚合物纳米颗粒（可降解和不可降解）和二氧化硅纳米颗粒。在某些情况下（富勒烯和量子点），实际的纳米粒子本身就是 PS。靶向配体如抗体和肽可用于增加特异性。金和银纳米粒子可以提供 PDT 的等离子体增强。可以使用双光子激发或光学上转换代替单光子激发来增加更长波长的组织穿透。最后，在体内研究和纳米毒理学部分之后，我们试图回答标题问题，“纳米技术能否加强 PDT？”