T cell exhaustion is a state of T cell dysfunction that arises during many chronic infections and cancer. It is defined by poor effector function, sustained expression of inhibitory receptors and a transcriptional state distinct from that of functional effector or memory T cells. Exhaustion prevents optimal control of infection and tumors. Recently, a clearer picture of the functional and phenotypic profile of exhausted T cells has emerged and T cell exhaustion has been defined in many experimental and clinical settings. Although the pathways involved remain to be fully defined, advances in the molecular delineation of T cell exhaustion are clarifying the underlying causes of this state of differentiation and also suggest promising therapeutic opportunities.

中文翻译：

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T细胞耗竭。

T 细胞衰竭是在许多慢性感染和癌症期间出现的一种 T 细胞功能障碍状态。它的定义是效应子功能差、抑制性受体的持续表达以及不同于功能效应子或记忆 T 细胞的转录状态。精疲力竭会妨碍对感染和肿瘤的最佳控制。最近，出现了对耗竭 T 细胞功能和表型特征的更清晰的描述，并且在许多实验和临床环境中都定义了 T 细胞耗竭。尽管所涉及的途径仍有待完全确定，但 T 细胞耗竭的分子描绘的进展正在阐明这种分化状态的根本原因，并提出有希望的治疗机会。