Various land management strategies are used to prevent land degradation and keep land productive. Often land management strategies applied in certain areas focus on the context of the physical environment but are incompatible with the social environment where they are applied. As a result, such strategies are ignored by land users and land degradation becomes difficult to control. This study observes the impacts of land management in the upland watersheds of the Uporoto Mountains in South West Tanzania. In spite of various land management practices used in the area, 38% of the studied area experienced soil fertility loss, 30% gully erosion, 23% soil loss, 6% biodiversity loss and drying up of river sources. Land management methods that were accepted and adopted were those contributing to immediate livelihood needs. These methods did not control land resource degradation, but increased crop output per unit of land and required little labour. Effective methods of controlling land degradation were abandoned or ignored because they did not satisfy immediate livelihood needs. This paper concludes that Integrating poor people's needs would transform non-livelihood-based land management methods to livelihood-based ones. Different ways of transforming these land management methods are presented and discussed.

中文翻译：

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非生计土地管理对土地资源的影响：以坦桑尼亚西南部乌波罗托山脉的高地流域为例

各种土地管理战略被用于防止土地退化和保持土地生产力。在某些领域应用的土地管理策略通常侧重于自然环境的背景，但与应用它们的社会环境不相容。结果，这些策略被土地使用者忽视，土地退化变得难以控制。本研究观察了坦桑尼亚西南部乌波罗托山脉高地流域土地管理的影响。尽管该地区采用了各种土地管理措施，但仍有 38% 的研究区域经历了土壤肥力丧失、30% 的沟壑侵蚀、23% 的土壤流失、6% 的生物多样性丧失和河流源头干涸。被接受和采用的土地管理方法是那些有助于直接生计需求的方法。这些方法并没有控制土地资源退化，而是增加了单位土地的作物产量，并且需要很少的劳动力。控制土地退化的有效方法被放弃或忽视，因为它们不能满足直接的生计需求。本文得出的结论是，整合穷人的需求将把非以生计为基础的土地管理方法转变为以生计为基础的土地管理方法。提出并讨论了改变这些土地管理方法的不同方式。s 需要将非基于生计的土地管理方法转变为基于生计的土地管理方法。提出并讨论了改变这些土地管理方法的不同方式。s 需要将非基于生计的土地管理方法转变为基于生计的土地管理方法。提出并讨论了改变这些土地管理方法的不同方式。