This paper summarizes results from recent studies on the role of long-term memory in speech perception and spoken word recognition. Experiments on talker variability, speaking rate and perceptual learning provide strong evidence for implicit memory for very fine perceptual details of speech. Listeners apparently encode specific attributes of the talker's voice and speaking rate into long-term memory. Acoustic-phonetic variability does not appear to be "lost" as a result of phonetic analysis. The process of perceptual normalization in speech perception may therefore entail encoding of specific instances or "episodes" of the stimulus input and the operations used in perceptual analysis. These perceptual operations may reside in a "procedural memory" for a specific talker's voice. Taken together, the present set of findings are consistent with non-analytic accounts of perception, memory and cognition which emphasize the contribution of episodic or exemplar-based encoding in long-term memory. The results from these studies also raise questions about the traditional dissociation in phonetics between the linguistic and indexical properties of speech. Listeners apparently retain non-linguistic information in long-term memory about the speaker's gender, dialect, speaking rate and emotional state, attributes of speech signals that are not traditionally considered part of phonetic or lexical representations of words. These properties influence the initial perceptual encoding and retention of spoken words and therefore should play an important role in theoretical accounts of how the nervous system maps speech signals onto linguistic representations in the mental lexicon.

中文翻译：

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言语感知中的长期记忆：关于谈话者可变性、语速和知觉学习的一些新发现。

本文总结了近期关于长期记忆在语音感知和口语识别中的作用的研究结果。关于说话者可变性、语速和知觉学习的实验为非常精细的语音知觉细节的内隐记忆提供了强有力的证据。听者显然将说话者声音和语速的特定属性编码到长期记忆中。作为语音分析的结果，声学-语音变异似乎没有“丢失”。因此，语音感知中的感知归一化过程可能需要对刺激输入的特定实例或“情节”以及感知分析中使用的操作进行编码。这些感知操作可能驻留在特定说话者声音的“程序记忆”中。综合起来，目前的研究结果与感知、记忆和认知的非分析性解释一致，后者强调情节或基于范例的编码在长期记忆中的贡献。这些研究的结果也提出了关于语音的语言和索引属性之间语音学传统分离的问题。听者显然在长期记忆中保留了关于说话者性别、方言、语速和情绪状态的非语言信息，传统上不被认为是单词语音或词汇表示的一部分的语音信号属性。