Biomaterials can potentially enhance the delivery of viral and nonviral vectors for both basic science and clinical applications. Vectors typically consist of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) packaged with proteins, lipids, or cationic polymers, which facilitate cellular internalization and trafficking. These vectors can associate with biomaterials that support cell adhesion, a process we term substrate-mediated delivery. Substrate immobilization localizes the DNA and the delivery vector to the cellular microenvironment. The interaction between the vector and substrate must be appropriately balanced to mediate immobilization, yet allow for cellular internalization. Balancing the binding between the biomaterial and the vector is dependent upon the surface chemistries of the material and the vector, which can be designed to provide both specific (e.g., biotin-avidin, the strongest known noncovalent interaction between a protein and its ligand) and nonspecific (e.g., van der Waals) interactions. In this review, we describe the biomaterial and vector properties that mediate binding and gene transfer, identify potential applications, and present opportunities for further development.

中文翻译：

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通过固定化至细胞粘附基质的基因递送。


生物材料可以潜在地增强病毒和非病毒载体的基础科学和临床应用的传递。载体通常由包装有蛋白质、脂质或阳离子聚合物的核酸（DNA、RNA）组成，促进细胞内化和运输。这些载体可以与支持细胞粘附的生物材料结合，我们将这一过程称为底物介导的传递。基质固定将 DNA 和递送载体定位到细胞微环境。载体和底物之间的相互作用必须适当平衡以介导固定化，同时允许细胞内化。平衡生物材料和载体之间的结合取决于材料和载体的表面化学，可以设计提供特异性（例如，生物素-亲和素，蛋白质与其配体之间已知最强的非共价相互作用）和非特异性（例如范德华）相互作用。在这篇综述中，我们描述了介导结合和基因转移的生物材料和载体特性，确定了潜在的应用，并提供了进一步开发的机会。