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Issues in natural resources management in developing countries
Natural Resources Forum ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 1994-05-01 , DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-8947.1994.tb00881.x Gopal B. Thapa , Karl E. Weber
Natural Resources Forum ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 1994-05-01 , DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-8947.1994.tb00881.x Gopal B. Thapa , Karl E. Weber
The use and management of public and private natural resources is greatly affected by institutional, politicoeconomic, and socioeconomic factors. These factors operate in tandem at the household, regional, national, and international levels in affecting resource management. Any policy that focuses only on one dimension of the problem, such as population growth, and ignores such issues as poverty, environmentally unsuitable cropping systems, and the unavailability of nonfarm employment opportunities will be inadequate. National policies must consider structural factors: resource use, property rights regimes, poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, and population growth. A comprehensive strategy should account for these structural features, be tailored to regional circumstances, and have the input of local governments. Local governments and communities must be in a position to implement and monitor resource management. Hardin identified common property as a major contributor to land degradation and declining forest resources in developing countries. Only with a common agreement by the community to invest in planting trees and managing pastures can communal lands benefit multiple users in the long and short run. Social forestry projects have failed due to poor community participation, fragmented communities, poor social organization, and disputes over the distribution of profits. Traditional communal hunting and gathering activities adhered to institutional regulation; with the inception of urbanization, industrialization, and monetization of agriculture, the destruction of forests and pasture began. There was an increased need for food for the urban population; a small and powerful group of politicians, social leaders, and administrators retained access to public or "crown" lands and disenfranchised small and marginal farmers and the landless poor from previously accessible lands. Land redistribution schemes have not effectively distributed land resources. Commercial business and forestry managers are all responsible for deforestation. Land management is affected by personal, perceptual, attitudinal, social, economic, and institutional factors.
更新日期：1994-05-01
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