Encrusting bryozoans provide one of the few systems in the fossil record in which ecological competition can be observed directly at local scales. The macroevolutionary history of diversity of cyclostome and cheilostome bryozoans is consistent with a coupled-logistic model of clade displacement predicated on species within clades interacting competitively. The model matches observed diversity history if the model is perturbed by a mass extinction with a position and magnitude analogous to the Cretaceous / Tertiary boundary event. Although it is difficult to measure all parameters in the model from fossil data, critical factors are intrinsic rates of extinction, which can be measured. Cyclostomes maintained a rather low rate of extinction the model solutions predict that they would lose diversity only slowly as competitively superior species of cheilostomes diversified into their environment. Thus, the microecological record of preserved competitive interactions between cyclostome and cheilostome bryozoans and the macroevolutionary record of global diversity are consistent in regard to competition as a significant influence on diversity histories of post-Paleozoic bryozoans.

中文翻译：

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后古生代环口苔藓虫和口吻口苔藓虫之间的竞争性置换

结壳苔藓虫是化石记录中为数不多的可以在局部尺度直接观察生态竞争的系统之一。环口苔藓虫和唇口苔藓虫多样性的宏观进化史与进化枝置换的耦合逻辑模型一致，该模型基于进化枝内的物种竞争性相互作用。如果模型受到位置和幅度类似于白垩纪/第三纪边界事件的大规模灭绝的干扰，则该模型与观察到的多样性历史相匹配。虽然很难从化石数据中测量模型中的所有参数，但关键因素是可以测量的内在灭绝率。Cyclostomes 保持相当低的灭绝率，模型解决方案预测，随着竞争优势的 cheilostomes 物种多样化进入其环境，它们只会慢慢失去多样性。因此，在竞争对后古生代苔藓虫多样性历史的重大影响方面，环口苔藓虫和口吻口苔藓虫之间保留的竞争性相互作用的微生态记录和全球多样性的宏观进化记录是一致的。