The global diversification of the class Bivalvia has historically received two conflicting interpretations. One is that a major upturn in diversification was associated with, and a consequence of, the Late Permian mass extinction. The other is that mass extinctions have had little influence and that bivalves have experienced slow but nearly steady exponential diversification through most of their history, unaffected by interactions with other clades. We find that the most likely explanation lies between these two interpretations. Through most of the Phanerozoic, the diversity of bivalves did indeed exhibit slow growth, which was not substantially altered by mass extinctions. However, the presence of “hyperexponential bursts” in diversification during the initial Ordovician radiation and following the Late Permian and Late Cretaceous mass extinctions suggests a more complex history in which a higher characteristic diversification rate was dampened through most of the Phanerozoic. The observed pattern can be accounted for with a two-phase coupled (i.e., interactive) logistic model, where one phase is treated as the “bivalves” and the other phase is treated as a hypothetical group of clades with which the “bivalves” might have interacted. Results of this analysis suggest that interactions with other taxa have substantially affected bivalve global diversity through the Phanerozoic.

中文翻译：

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模拟双壳类多样化：相互作用对宏观进化系统的影响

双壳类的全球多样化历来有两种相互矛盾的解释。一是多样化的重大好转与二叠纪晚期大灭绝有关，也是其结果。另一个是大规模灭绝几乎没有影响，双壳类在其大部分历史中经历了缓慢但几乎稳定的指数多样化，不受与其他进化枝相互作用的影响。我们发现最可能的解释介于这两种解释之间。在显生宙的大部分时间里，双壳类的多样性确实表现出缓慢的增长，这并没有因大规模灭绝而发生实质性改变。然而，在最初的奥陶纪辐射期间以及晚二叠纪和晚白垩纪大规模灭绝之后，多样化中“超指数爆发”的存在表明了一个更复杂的历史，其中较高的特征多样化率在大部分显生宙中受到抑制。观察到的模式可以用两相耦合（即交互）逻辑模型来解释，其中一个阶段被视为“双壳类动物”，另一阶段被视为“双壳类动物”可能使用的假设进化枝组进行了互动。该分析的结果表明，与其他类群的相互作用通过显生宙显着影响了双壳类的全球多样性。观察到的模式可以用两相耦合（即交互）逻辑模型来解释，其中一个阶段被视为“双壳类动物”，另一阶段被视为“双壳类动物”可能使用的假设进化枝组进行了互动。该分析的结果表明，与其他类群的相互作用通过显生宙显着影响了双壳类的全球多样性。观察到的模式可以用两相耦合（即交互）逻辑模型来解释，其中一个阶段被视为“双壳类动物”，另一阶段被视为“双壳类动物”可能使用的假设进化枝组进行了互动。该分析的结果表明，与其他类群的相互作用通过显生宙显着影响了双壳类的全球多样性。